Achieving global energy security, climate change and access goals will require nothing short of an energy revolution. There are different technological possibilities at hand: low carbon energy technologies (LCETs), including energy efficiency in buildings, industry and transport; the near decarbonisation of the electricity sector through rapid acceleration in the use of renewable energy and of cleaner, higher efficiency coal combustion and carbon capture and storage (CCS); and the introduction of a new generation of advanced vehicles. This International Energy Agency report seeks to inform decision makers seeking to prioritise RD&D investments in a time of financial uncertainty.