Investing in early childhood development and education has the highest return in terms of social adaptation of children. This study from Eurydice investigates measures implemented in European countries that target early childhood and suggests roads for improvement. Despite relatively good results with respect to other European countries, Belgium still has some weaknesses in this field: a low employment rate of pre-primary children’s mothers, a lack of places in child-care centers and some insertion difficulties for children from socio-economically and culturally underprivileged social classes.