Our ability to deploy effective technologies, on a scale large enough to significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, depends on two key factors: the direction, and the pace, of technological innovation. The pace of technological innovation depends on a range of factors including, critically, the presence of effective domestic policies to spur research and innovation. This working paper of the World Resources Institute examines efforts made by China – the world’s largest gross emitter of greenhouse gases – to create an enabling environment for R&D and innovation in the field of clean technology.