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<title>Itinera Institute - Issues - Poverty &amp; Inequality</title>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org</link>
<description>Itinera Institute - Issues - Poverty &amp; Inequality</description>
<image>
<url>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/web/sources/img/logo_itinera.jpg</url>
<title>Itinera Institute - Issues - Poverty &amp; Inequality</title>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org</link>
</image>
<copyright>Copyright 2012, Itinera Institute</copyright>
<language>en</language>
<pubDate>Wed, 09 Nov 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<item>
<title>Tackling with the roots of the european crisis</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The European strategy known as kicking the can down the road has proven to have been counterproductive. A vigorous solution cannot escape the need for decisive measures for both insolvent countries and the too big to fail banks. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 09 Nov 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/tackling-with-the-roots-of-the-european-crisis/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/tackling-with-the-roots-of-the-european-crisis/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Video: Housing in times of scarcity</title>
<description><![CDATA[ ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 09 Nov 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/videohousingintimesofscarcity/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/videohousingintimesofscarcity/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Itinera and the clash of ideas</title>
<description><![CDATA[ It is crucial for democracy to have an open mind towards opposite visions as this reduces the risk  that similar people harbor ever more extreme  opinions in their own incrowd. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/itinera-and-the-clash-of-ideas/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/itinera-and-the-clash-of-ideas/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The long-term declared disabled employee caught in its statute</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The way in which incapacity to work is defined is vulnerable to critique: we are either fully valid, either fully invalid. That has to change. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 14 Oct 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-long-term-declared-disabled-employee-caught-in-its-statute/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-long-term-declared-disabled-employee-caught-in-its-statute/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Financing university without taboo</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Laurent Hanseeuw and Jean Hindriks highlight the structural underfinancing of universities and the segregation it induces. They plead for a refinancing of our universities via the so-called deferred tuition fees&#8217; system. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 05 Oct 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/financing-university-without-taboo/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/financing-university-without-taboo/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>How to refinance our universities?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Since higher education has been decentralized in Belgium, public financing of universities in both communities has almost been frozen. Students&#8217; coaching has been continuously scrapped for the last forty years; which certainly does not help the graduation rate. Communities budgets have almost no room to increase means significantly. Therefore, tuition fees need to be increased. In order to avoid creating new hurdles for higher education&#8217;s accessibility, one should implement the so-called deferred tuition fees. Meanwhile, more scholarships should be given to young people from modest backgrounds. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Sep 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-to-refinance-our-universities/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-to-refinance-our-universities/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>What is at stake with family reunion in Belgium?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Laurent Hanseeuw analyses Belgium&#8217;s new legislation on family reunion. The main issue in our country remains the weak labor market integration of non-European immigrants. Nonetheless, the law will probably only have an impact on the size of immigration flows and presents no real solutions to increase migrants&#8217; integration. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 May 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/what-is-at-stake-with-family-reunion-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/what-is-at-stake-with-family-reunion-in-belgium/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>New French integration policy</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In a second intermediary report, the French government assess the &#8216;revenu de solidarit&#233; active&#8217;s efficiency (rSa). The rSa is a policy that has been introduced in 2009 which replaced other integration and solidarity policies in France. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Feb 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/revenu-de-solidarite-active/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/revenu-de-solidarite-active/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The poor percentage. Searching for the meaning of a 15% poverty rate</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Johan Albrecht reflects about poverty measurement. Poverty is a relative and hardly measurable concept with one certitude: we are better poor in a rich country.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 11 Feb 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/johan-albrecht-reflects-about-poverty-measurement-poverty-is-a-relative-and-hardly-measurable-concept-with-one-certitude-we-are-better-poor-in-a-rich-country/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/johan-albrecht-reflects-about-poverty-measurement-poverty-is-a-relative-and-hardly-measurable-concept-with-one-certitude-we-are-better-poor-in-a-rich-country/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>A new understanding of poverty</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Within our developed western societies &#8211; most of them with efficient social security schemes &#8211; it is now significantly more difficult and controversial to clearly define what poverty is about. Indeed, poverty includes nowadays social, financial and sometimes even cultural aspects. In this British study, the author proposes new poverty&#8217;s indicators (in absolute and relative terms) in order to further analyze poverty and push forward new policies which could adequately cope with modern precariousness. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 27 Jan 2011 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/a-new-understanding-of-poverty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/a-new-understanding-of-poverty/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does inequality make us sick ?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The idea that income inequality would negatively affect personal health is a controversial issue. Some find it really troublesome that income inequality, and not (only) levels of absolute income, would affect someone&#8217;s health. This CBS analysis states that this negative inequality effect is said to run via the individual&#8217;s psychological perception and interpretation of inequality by making social comparisons. &#8220;The significance of the negative inequality effect is to remain a much debated topic, and consensus is a long way off&#8221;, author Stijn Rottiers concludes.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-inequality-make-us-sick-/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-inequality-make-us-sick-/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Inequalities between men and women in the world</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This report of the World Economic Forum sketches the inequalities between men and women in the world throughout the world in 2010. It shows us the strong correlation between low inequalities and economic competitiveness of a country. Belgium makes true progress compared to last year, while passing from 19th in the 14th place in the ranking of the countries having the weakest inequalities between men and women in various fields such as the level of education, the wages, the access to highly qualified employment, the life expectancy, etc. The Scandinavian countries are still in the lead, and remain a true model for Belgium and others countries in the fight against sex inequalities.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 14 Oct 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/inequalities-between-men-and-women-in-the-world/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/inequalities-between-men-and-women-in-the-world/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Income and diversity</title>
<description><![CDATA[ It is widely known that there is an income gap between native Belgians and non-Western immigrants in Belgium.  This report by the Herman Deleeck Centre for Social Policy quantifies this gap for four different categories of immigrants, focusing on employment as an explanatory factor. The gap turns out to be substantially smaller for immigrants who acquired the Belgian nationality.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 26 Jul 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/income-and-diversity/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/income-and-diversity/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Create learning effects through targeted experiences in the fight against poverty</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Not available in this language]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/create-learning-effects-through-targeted-experiences-in-the-fight-against-poverty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/create-learning-effects-through-targeted-experiences-in-the-fight-against-poverty/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Link a &quot;poverty test&quot; to fiscal measures</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Not available in this language]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/link-a-poverty-test-to-fiscal-measures/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/link-a-poverty-test-to-fiscal-measures/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Link the debate on poverty to social mobility</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Not available in this language]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/link-the-debate-on-poverty-to-the-social-mobility/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/link-the-debate-on-poverty-to-the-social-mobility/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Strengthen the levers for social mobility</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Not available in this language]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/strengthen-the-levers-for-social-mobility/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/strengthen-the-levers-for-social-mobility/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Evaluate recent measures in the fight against poverty and inequality</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Not available in this language]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jun 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/evaluer-les-recentes-mesures-de-lutte-contre-la-pauvrete-et-de-promotion-de-legalite-des-chances/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/evaluer-les-recentes-mesures-de-lutte-contre-la-pauvrete-et-de-promotion-de-legalite-des-chances/</guid>
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<title>Wage differences between men and women in Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This report from the Center for Equal Opportunities points out that the wage difference between men and women amounted to 11.69% in 2007, against 12.47% in 2006. This report studies the factors influencing this difference - professional and individual characteristics, and the family situation- and provides a list of political recommendations aimed at pursuing the reduction of this wage difference.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 27 May 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/wage-differences-between-men-and-women-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/wage-differences-between-men-and-women-in-belgium/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Gender and time utilisation</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The Institute for the equality of women and men has made a thorough analysis of the differences and similarities of time utilisation of Belgian women and men. On top of the general differences between the genders, the researchers analyse time spent on caring for others, paid and unpaid labour, the combination of professional and private life, and leisure time. Differences between women and men according to family type, education level, revenue and age are also discussed in the report.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 06 May 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/gender-and-time-utilisation/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/gender-and-time-utilisation/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Interview with the new Senior Fellows</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The Itinera Institute attracted 3 new Senior Fellows, all specialists in their field. What made them take this step?Lieven Annemans, Dave Sinardet and Etienne de Callata&#255; explain.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/interview-with-the-new-senior-fellows/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/interview-with-the-new-senior-fellows/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Poverty and Health: proposals and solutions</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Poverty and bad health often go hand in hand. But it does not have to so. Lieven Annemans makes some recommendations to improve the situation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Apr 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-and-health-proposals-and-solutions/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-and-health-proposals-and-solutions/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Asset-based measurement of poverty</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In the EU, we say that people with a disposable income (adjusted for family size) below 60 percent of the median national income are at risk of poverty. But are income flows sufficiently precise and accurate to evaluate households&#8217; economic well-being and poverty rate? Real and financial assets are essential to meet everyday life needs and to face adverse income shocks. This report from the Institute for Research on Poverty studies how wealth can be integrated into the analysis of poverty and defines asset-based measures of poverty, taking into account potential empirical and conceptual problems.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/asset-based-measurement-of-poverty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/asset-based-measurement-of-poverty/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The political economy of Intergenerational income mobility</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Children have talent by nature and parents privately invest in their children&#8217;s human capital to make it grow. But for people living in disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions, public education can make the difference and offer them economic opportunities they would not have otherwise. This IZA report investigates the importance of redistributive and progressive educational policies in the improvement of social mobility. It also demonstrates how the interaction between private and collective decisions determines the equilibrium level of social mobility. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-political-economy-of-intergenerational-income-mobility/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-political-economy-of-intergenerational-income-mobility/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Combating poverty and social exclusion</title>
<description><![CDATA[ 2010 has been designated the European year for combating poverty and social exclusion. We can only hope Member States will make progression in this field. This Eurostat publication presents a wide range of statistics useful for policy purposes. It can help governments to evaluate the effectiveness of their anti-poverty strategy and to readapt it on the basis of best practices abroad. Knowing and measuring are the first step, acting the second.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 25 Feb 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/combating-poverty-and-social-exclusion/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/combating-poverty-and-social-exclusion/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Strategic choices for social policy</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The comprehensive budgetary effort that has become inevitable pushes us more than ever to make strategic choices with respect to our social policy. It&#8217;s not only about where savings ought to be made, but also about the way our economy will look like once this economic and budgetary crisis will be over. In this essay for the Centre Herman Deleeck, former Minister Frank Vandenbroucke discusses the policy strategy of the &#8216;new social risks&#8217; and the strategy of the &#8216;social investment state&#8217;: what choices did our government make and what lessons are there to learn? The budgetary efforts to come are also widely examined and FVDB concludes by presenting some of the most important strategic choices for social policy.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Feb 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/strategic-choices-for-social-policy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/strategic-choices-for-social-policy/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Our fight against poverty needs a dynamic vision and clear objectives</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Belgium can and needs to do better in its fight against poverty. Therefore, we have to make a distinction between permanent and temporary poverty, and define a quantitative goal of poverty reduction.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 15 Feb 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/our-fight-against-poverty-needs-a-dynamic-vision-and-clear-objectives/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/our-fight-against-poverty-needs-a-dynamic-vision-and-clear-objectives/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Poverty among immigrant and native children in rich countries</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In rich countries, immigrant children are more likely to be poor than native children. But why are these poverty rates so different between countries? In this report from the Institute for Research on Poverty, the authors tend to bring an answer to this question. In their cross-country comparison, they point out the essential role social transfers are playing against poverty. Immigrant poverty is a barrier to integration but the use of these transfers does not have to discourage immigrant integration. A good combination of labour market policies and social benefits can then, according to the authors, give better results in the fight against poverty.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 04 Feb 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-among-immigrant-and-native-children-in-rich-countries/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-among-immigrant-and-native-children-in-rich-countries/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Earnings mobility and distribution of lifetime earnings in the EU</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Earnings mobility is an essential concept in the fight against poverty. This IZA report studies lifetime earnings mobility and its impact on the distribution of lifetime earnings in 14 EU countries. Social security and labour market policies can influence earning mobility and allow people to improve their position in the income distribution over time. With the highest mobility in lifetime earnings and the highest mobility in terms of equalizer of long term inequality, Denmark is, with no surprise, the country from which Belgium can inspire.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 03 Feb 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/earnings-mobility-and-distribution-of-lifetime-earnings-in-the-eu/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/earnings-mobility-and-distribution-of-lifetime-earnings-in-the-eu/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Fight against poverty, 2008-2009</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Access to healthcare, housing and justice is not always guaranteed for poor people. This report from the Service for the fight against poverty, insecurity and social exclusion provides a valuable contribution to the political debate and policy considerations. It describes the circumstances in which poor people live, and makes recommendations aimed at improving their living conditions. Structural reforms are more than necessary but we cannot lose focus on the reimbursement of healthcare costs, water and energy supply and the payment of a rental guarantee and lawyer fees either.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Dec 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/fight-against-poverty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/fight-against-poverty/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Make very poor people more autonomous</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Poverty is a complex phenomenon which both individuals and societies are responsible for. In this study, the author suggests that making very poor people more autonomous is an essential strategy in the fight against poverty. The idea is to give people the tools and means to strengthen their ability to survive and face daily socio-economics difficulties. Therefore, we have to guarantee basic material support, appropriate benefits and credits, access to social services and policies of economic activation. Social nets and a political participation are also important.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/make-very-poor-people-more-autonomous/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/make-very-poor-people-more-autonomous/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Towards a more effective anti-poverty policy in Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With more than 100 000 permanent and temporary unemployed extra in 2009 an effective labour market policy should be flanked by an effective anti-poverty policy. According to OASeS researchers such an anti-poverty policy should be built on strong empirical fundamentals. Action plans should be monitored and evaluated yearly, all of that based on objective figures of course. An arsenal of priority indicators that will enable such an objective monitoring and evaluation are largely being developed in the report. But even if we were to follow these, and the other, policy recommendations dutifully, it&#8217;s far from certain that Belgium would meet its own millennium objectives by 2017.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/towards-a-more-effective-anti-poverty-policy-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/towards-a-more-effective-anti-poverty-policy-in-belgium/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The welfare effects of social mobility</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Are our well-being and individual life satisfaction higher in a society with important social mobility? How can our perception of fairness and income inequality influence our subjective well-being (SWB)? In this OECD paper, the authors answer these questions by analyzing for several OECD countries the SWB effects of intergenerational earnings mobility and equality in education at the societal level. This study reveals how perceptions and reality can actually interact and influence SWB.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 29 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-welfare-effects-of-social-mobility/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-welfare-effects-of-social-mobility/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Presentation: Poverty Policy : Back to the drawing board</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Despite the favourable social-economical, demographical en 
policy parameters, we haven&#8217;t booked any progress in the fight 
against poverty during the last 20 years. The result of the 
welfare state based on activation policy and an attempt to 
nullify the so-called &#8220;new social risks&#8221; was less successful 
than envisaged. At the same time, the level of protection of 
the &#8220;old social risks&#8221; couldn&#8217;t keep up with the overall 
increase in prosperity. The inequalities are growing larger, 
as well as the part of the social security funds that are 
attributed to higher social groups.

Bea Cantillon, Universiteit Antwerpen and CSB, explains why 
that is, and how we can turn it around.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/presentation-poverty-policy-back-to-the-drawing-board/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/presentation-poverty-policy-back-to-the-drawing-board/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Presentation: Poverty policy; reaction of Magda De Meyer</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Despite the favourable social-economical, demographical en policy parameters, we haven&#8217;t booked any progress in the fight against poverty during the last 20 years. The result of the welfare state based on activation policy and an attempt to nullify the so-called &#8220;new social risks&#8221; was less successful 
than envisaged. At the same time, the level of protection of the &#8220;old social risks&#8221; couldn&#8217;t keep up with the overall increase in prosperity. The inequalities are growing larger, as well as the part of the social security funds that are attributed to higher social groups.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/presentation-poverty-policy-reaction-of-magda-de-meyer/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/presentation-poverty-policy-reaction-of-magda-de-meyer/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>A guaranteed minimum income for Europe&#8217;s elderly?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Harmonisation of social security systems is back on the agenda of European policy makers. However, the introduction of a harmonised scheme poses severe challenges. In this article, the &#8216;Centrum voor Sociaal Beleid&#8217; from the University of Antwerp explores some options and difficulties associated with the implementation of a harmonised minimum income protection scheme for the elderly. Their findings confirm that it is one thing to be in favour of a harmonised scheme of minimum income protection, but another to design a realistic and politically feasible proposal.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/a-guaranteed-minimum-income-for-europes-elderly/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/a-guaranteed-minimum-income-for-europes-elderly/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The paradox of the investment state: Why did poverty not decline?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Despite the favourable social-economical, demographical en policy parameters, we haven&#8217;t booked any progress in the fight against poverty during the last 20 years. The result of the welfare state based on activation policy and an attempt to nullify the so-called &#8220;new social risks&#8221; was less successful than envisaged. At the same time, the level of protection of the &#8220;old social risks&#8221; couldn&#8217;t keep up with the overall increase in prosperity. The inequalities are growing larger, as well as the part of the social security funds that are attributed to higher social groups.

Bea Cantillon, Universiteit Antwerpen and CSB, explains why that is, and how we can turn it around.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-paradox-of-the-investment-state-why-did-poverty-not-decline/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-paradox-of-the-investment-state-why-did-poverty-not-decline/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Containing poverty in times of stimulus packages</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Many were skeptical of the Keynesian inspired stimulus packages governments enacted in the aftermath of the financial crisis. The most important, and controversial, stimulus package was definitely the American Recovery and Re-Investment Act (ARRA). Today, while our economies are prudently recovering, we&#8217;re starting to see and measure their benefits. According to this publication from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, the ARRA had the important secondary effect of keeping 6 million Americans out of poverty in 2009. The authors analyze how &#8211; thus advancing strategies for combating poverty.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/containing-poverty-in-times-of-stimulus-packages/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/containing-poverty-in-times-of-stimulus-packages/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Gender differences in individual income and financial dependence</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Whatever their status, women have a higher rate of financial dependence than men. That is what we can learn from this DULBEA publication which studies gender inequality and poverty. For nine European countries, the authors investigate the individual vulnerability to poverty by distinguishing individual income from household income and by taking into account some personal characteristics. Improving poverty measurement seems also important to these authors and they therefore suggest four new indicators.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/gender-differences-in-individual-income-and-financial-dependence/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/gender-differences-in-individual-income-and-financial-dependence/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Intergenerational social mobility in OECD countries</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The notion of intergenerational mobility can not be excluded from the poverty debate. If we want to fight poverty, we have to raise the probability that a child born in a poor family will not live, once he/she will have reached adulthood, in the same socio-economic conditions as his/her parents. This OECD report, which gives comparative estimates of social mobility in 14 OECD countries, constitutes a real added-value for Belgium: by providing relevant figures and studying the potential impact of some public policies, this report can help our country to better construct its anti-poverty strategy.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 24 Jul 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/intergenerational-social-mobility-in-oecd-countries/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/intergenerational-social-mobility-in-oecd-countries/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Workers and poverty risk in Flanders</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Being employed does not always preserve from the risk of poverty. Who are the poor workers in Flanders and what are their living conditions? This publication from the Centrum voor Sociaal Beleid answers these questions and investigates possible policies that could solve the problem of the working poor. If we want to do so without worsening the unemployment trap, we cannot ignore increasing the minimum wage, the authors argue.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/workers-and-poverty-risk-in-flanders/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/workers-and-poverty-risk-in-flanders/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Poverty and social mobility: what do we have to know to act better?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With a poverty rate of 15.2% in 2007, Belgium should consider its fight against poverty and social inequality more seriously than it does now. According to Johan Albrecht and Isabelle Martin, it needs to evaluate more regularly and more rigorously the effects of its anti-poverty policies in order to have a better idea of their real efficiency. Belgium also needs to pay more attention to improving intergenerational mobility by properly using social levers such as education and employment policies.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-and-social-mobility-what-do-we-have-to-know-to-act-better/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-and-social-mobility-what-do-we-have-to-know-to-act-better/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Minimum living standard budget for a Flemish family</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Is the minimum legal revenue high enough? Can a family live decently with an income equivalent to the poverty threshold? The Centre for Social Politics answers these questions by constructing a minimum income standard allowing different family types to fulfill their basic needs and live autonomously. It also analyses the relative importance in the standard budget of the main expenditure categories and highlights future challenges.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/minimum-living-standard-budget-for-a-flemish-family/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/minimum-living-standard-budget-for-a-flemish-family/</guid>
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<item>
<title>The paradox of the investment state: why didn&#8217;t poverty decrease?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ During the last decades, the general level of welfare in rich western countries kept on growing while poverty did not diminish proportionally as much. In this report, Bea Cantillon explains the raison of this phenomenon by presenting the paradoxes of the investment state. Reducing social benefits, for example, decreases the number of unemployment traps but makes social inclusion of inactive people also more difficult. Professor Cantillon describes the recent evolution of our welfare state, and exposes the main aspects of the fight against poverty and social inequalities (education, social benefits, etc.).]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-paradox-of-the-investment-state-why-did-not-poverty-decrease/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-paradox-of-the-investment-state-why-did-not-poverty-decrease/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Wage inequalities in perspective</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Top wages and wage differences have become a prominent news item. With the threat of a collective impoverishment caused by the crisis, intolerance towards high earners is significantly increasing. But how important are wage differences in Belgium and how important are they compared to our neighbouring countries? In this policy brief, Kris Boschmans, Geert Janssens en Wies Pairoux from the think-tank VKW Metena reflect on the desirability of healthy wage differences. They show that the fuss around top wages completely misses the far more important debate of the wage base determination process in our country.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/wage-inequalities-in-perspective/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/wage-inequalities-in-perspective/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Educational inequality and socioeconomic background</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Many European countries face an important educational gap between natives and migrants. According to the most recent PISA studies, the problem is particularly important in Belgium. But what factors are to blame for this inequality of chances at school? The results of this IZA study suggest that the educational gap between natives and migrants is mainly due to the &#8216;endowment effect&#8217; provided by the socioeconomic background of parents and cultural capital at home. It goes almost without saying that family really is important for the pedagogic project of a child. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/educational-inequality-and-socioeconomic-background/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/educational-inequality-and-socioeconomic-background/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Socially diverse schools: the miracle will not happen</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Alarming finding: Belgium is the champion of segregation in the school system, leaving only Hungary behind. The impact is more or less the same in both communities. The notorious 'd&#233;cret mixit&#233;', symbol of the political willingness to do something about this in French speaking Belgium, has made a lot of parents angry, and was ultimately withdrawn. Jean Hindriks and Brieuc Van Damme got some inspiration from the cities of New-York and Boston to suggest some measures that will lead to a consensus between all stakeholders in a quick and easy WAY.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/socially-diverse-schools-the-miracle-will-not-happen/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/socially-diverse-schools-the-miracle-will-not-happen/</guid>
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<title>The Day After: what are the regional policy priorities for 2009-2014</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The regional elections of 2009 should be a turning point. Due to the economic crisis, the budgetary crisis and the institutional crisis, Belgian&#8217;s regions are faced with new responsibilities.
Now that the votes are counted, the multitude of electoral promises can make way for the reality of negotiations. The Itinera Institute determined 7 regional policy priorities and formulated concrete proposals.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-day-after-what-are-the-regional-policy-priorities-for-2009-2014/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-day-after-what-are-the-regional-policy-priorities-for-2009-2014/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Presentation: the day after: what are the regional policy priorities 2009-2014?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The regional elections of 2009 should be a turning point. Due to the economic crisis, the budgetary crisis and the institutional crisis, Belgian&#8217;s regions are faced with new responsibilities.
Now that the votes are counted, the multitude of electoral promises can make way for the reality of negotiations. The Itinera Institute determined 7 regional policy priorities and formulated concrete proposals.

]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/ppt/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/ppt/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Executive summary :the day after: what are the regional policy priorities for 2009-2014?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The regional elections of 2009 should be a turning point. Due to the economic crisis, the budgetary crisis and the institutional crisis, Belgian&#8217;s regions are faced with new responsibilities.
Now that the votes are counted, the multitude of electoral promises can make way for the reality of negotiations. The Itinera Institute determined 7 regional policy priorities and formulated concrete proposals.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/executive-summary-the-day-after-what-are-the-regional-policy-priorities-for-2009-2014/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/executive-summary-the-day-after-what-are-the-regional-policy-priorities-for-2009-2014/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Do women gain or lose from becoming mothers?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ There may be different explanations for the wage disadvantage women are suffering from (which accounts for 11% on average in Belgium). In this publication from DULBEA, the author wants to study the relationship between motherhood and the gender wage gap. Also including other explanatory variables such as personal characteristics, human capital indicators and job and firm characteristics in the model, the author shows us that wage discrimination is more sex- than maternity-related. Nevertheless, since being a father tends to have a positive impact on men&#8217;s wages, parenthood seems to worsen the gender wage gap in most countries. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/do-women-gain-or-lose-from-becoming-mothers/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/do-women-gain-or-lose-from-becoming-mothers/</guid>
</item>
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<title>To win the fight against poverty, we must change the welfare state fundamentals</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos comments on the social state of Flanders. He points out that the progress realized during the last decade in crucial fields is in decline. He emphasizes that the fight against poverty can only be won by dedicating ourselves to upward mobility. We must tax and pay benefits in a different way.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/to-win-the-fight-against-poverty-we-must-change-the-welfare-state-fundamentals/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/to-win-the-fight-against-poverty-we-must-change-the-welfare-state-fundamentals/</guid>
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<item>
<title>The social lift is broken</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In this report, the King Baudouin Foundation analyzes the differences in school performances between autochthon and immigrant pupils. It appears that there are important social inequalities in the French and Flemish Communities and a positive correlation between the parents&#8217; socio-economic status and their children&#8217;s results. Even though the family&#8217;s socio-economic situation can largely explain the differences in performance between the Belgian and immigrant pupils, education should be a way to improve social mobility through generations and reduce social inequalities. Therefore, the report pleads, among other things, in favor of desegregation policies in the educational system.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-social-lift-is-broken/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-social-lift-is-broken/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Female scientists, IT specialists and engineers, why so few? Executive Summary</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The number of female IT specialists, scientists and engineers remains low.

The Itinera Institute offers a platform to Carl Van Keirsbilck, who studied the causes, and formulates clear recommendations towards government and education.

 
]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/female/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/female/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Towards gender neutral wages</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The wage gap between women and men computed on the basis of monthly wages for fulltime employees amounts to 12% in Belgium. Although this is a considerable difference, a clear decrease in the wage gap is noticeable, and compared to other European countries the wage gap is relatively limited in Belgium, this report from the Institute for Equality of Women and Men says. Further, other important labour market differences and inequalities are highlighted, the most important explanatory factors developed and some policy recommendations given in order to evolve towards more gender neutral work conditions. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/towards-gender-neutral-wages/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/towards-gender-neutral-wages/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Diversity in schools: YES WE CAN!</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Alarming finding: Belgium is the champion of segregation in the school system, leaving only Hungary behind. The impact is more or less the same in both communities. The notorious 'd&#233;cret mixit&#233;', symbol of the political willingness to do something about this in French speaking Belgium, has made a lot of parents angry, and was ultimately withdrawn. Jean Hindriks and Brieuc Van Damme got some inspiration from the cities of New-York and Boston to suggest some measures that will lead  to a consensus between all stakeholders in a quick and easy WAY. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 21 Apr 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/diversity-in-schools-yes-we-can/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/diversity-in-schools-yes-we-can/</guid>
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<title>European Strategy for Social Protection and Social Inclusion: where are we?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ 2009 will certainly not be associated with a large decrease in poverty rates in Europe. In this report from the European commission, it appears that in Belgium, the average GDP growth rate in 2004/2005 could allow 1% of poor people going out of poverty. From a more general point of view, this report evaluates the evolution of the social situation and the poverty level in European countries before the crisis. 
For sure, governments have to continue their efforts on different policy levels if they want to guaranty social inclusion. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-strategy-for-social-protection-and-social-inclusion-where-are-we/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-strategy-for-social-protection-and-social-inclusion-where-are-we/</guid>
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<title>Poverty, dignity, human rights</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This report from the Service for the fight against poverty, insecurity and social exclusion explains to which extend poverty and social exclusion can violate human dignity and human rights. That&#8217;s why even in 2008 the government has to strengthen three levers for the fight against poverty: our social security system, public services and social participation, the authors of the report say. They also remind us that without a pension system, 90% of the elderly people would be living in poverty.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 05 Mar 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-dignity-human-rights/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-dignity-human-rights/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Socio-economic performances of Belgium and the Netherlands</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In the report from the Centre for Social Policy the socio-economic outcomes of Belgium and the Netherlands are compared. How have relations over the past 15 years evolved in terms of welfare, labour market and poverty between both neighbouring countries? According to the report, Belgium has lost ground compared to the Netherlands and can therefore use the Dutch reform story well.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 12 Dec 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/socio-economic-performances-of-belgium-and-the-netherlands/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/socio-economic-performances-of-belgium-and-the-netherlands/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The Global Gender Gap</title>
<description><![CDATA[ We hear a lot of talking on the wage disparities between men and women, about the low proportion of women in the higher political and economic realms, and about their growing access to education. But what is the actual situation today? This report from the World Economic Forum investigates gender inequalities in more than 115 countries, Belgium included.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-global-gender-gap/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-global-gender-gap/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Fight against poverty and battle against the middle class&#8217; economic progression</title>
<description><![CDATA[ How consistent is the war on poverty to high tax rates for low incomes?]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 13 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/fight-against-poverty-and-battle-against-the-middle-class-economic-progression/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/fight-against-poverty-and-battle-against-the-middle-class-economic-progression/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>A new dismissal regulation is necessary</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos reacts against the demand of the employers&#8217; organisation to limit the redundancy period for blue collar workers. We need a new dismissal regulation that promotes employability and where the redundancy period is only one pillar. Not higher or lower, but different, that is the message.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/a-new-dismissal-regulation-is-necessary/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/a-new-dismissal-regulation-is-necessary/</guid>
</item>
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<title>In-work poverty is weak in Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This paper regards the incidence of in-work poverty and how it is reduced by the payment of social transfers in 20 European countries. Belgium appears as the country with the lowest pre-transfer in-work poverty and is ranked third regarding post-transfer in-work poverty. The paper attributes this to a high level of bargaining centralisation and to generous social benefits.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/in-work-poverty-is-weak-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/in-work-poverty-is-weak-in-belgium/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The wage disparities progress</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to this report from the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the financial globalisation contributes to increasing the wage disparities. It argues that income disparities have increased, notably under the influence of &quot;performance based payment systems&#8221;. Without surprise, Belgium shows wage gaps among the lowest in comparison with other advanced economies. Between 1990 and 2000, it is however the country which shows the strongest progress of the disparities, with Finland and Sweden. To be closely watched.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-wage-disparities-progress/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-wage-disparities-progress/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>What are the effects of a flat tax?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This IZA paper studies the effect of flat tax (referring to a tax with a single rate) reforms in Western Europe on income distribution and work incentives. The simulation of the authors shows that a revenue neutral flat tax with existing basic allowances improves labor supply incentives, but results in higher inequality. It also shows that under some conditions flat taxes may increase both equity and efficiency, but Belgium does not qualify for such statement.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/what-are-the-effects-of-a-flat-tax/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/what-are-the-effects-of-a-flat-tax/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Family attention pays</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Inequality between young Americans is increasing. While the lucky ones get a college degree, the less fortunate ones, whose intellectual and socio-emotional capabilities aren&#8217;t equally developed, fight against inequality, in a part due to a lesser productivity on the labour market. For James J. Heckman (Chicago University) the environment in which these kids grow up is in part responsible for these social differences, which is why they need to be tackled right there. Today policies tend to focus on the intellectual capabilities of teenagers, while the focus should be on the young children because economically more profitable. Therefore, family plays a crucial part in the development of a child, and this is true not only for the U.S. but for every country in the world.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 05 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/family-attention-pays/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/family-attention-pays/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Ireland and its war on poverty</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Despite strong economic growth during the last years, Ireland still counts an important number of people who live in poverty, or who are at risk of poverty. This paper provides a detailed overview of the available options to eradicate poverty by 2016. In this regard, this paper provides an important benchmark for everyone who is concerned with the fate of approximately 1.5 million Belgians.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/ireland-and-its-war-on-poverty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/ireland-and-its-war-on-poverty/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>How consumption taxes can influence income distribution?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This OECD article highlights that consumption taxes increase the difference between the highest and the lowest incomes. There are, however, important differences between countries. Surprisingly enough, it appears that Belgium is one of the countries where increasing consumption taxes would favour the rich the least. However, a more recent study of the Catholic University Leuven has shown that a decrease in direct taxes (on income or wealth for instance) and an increase in indirect taxes (like the VAT) would significantly raise inequality.  ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-consumption-taxes-can-influence-income-distribution/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-consumption-taxes-can-influence-income-distribution/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Young Children are the Future</title>
<description><![CDATA[ What if there was a silver bullet to lower both crime and teen pregnancy rates and to make society both more productive and more equal, all at the same time? According to this paper, a policy that addresses the noncognitive skills of young children (perseverance, motivation, risk aversion, etc.), by focusing on family ties, could tackle all these problems in the most efficient way. With jam-packed prisons, growing number of poor people and the necessity to raise productivity to meet the demands of the ageing population and globalization, Belgian policy makers can probably not afford not even taking a look at this paper.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/young-children-are-the-future/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/young-children-are-the-future/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>How to improve social mobility?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In this article, social mobility is not handled from the classical economic perspective of income groups but from the labour market participation perspective. The social hierarchy is thus based on the quality and sustainability of the job. The authors underline that by supporting people in their labour market achievements, policy makers will help to break up the walls to intergenerational and intragenerational social mobility.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-to-improve-social-mobility/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-to-improve-social-mobility/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Disadvantaged children: an effective intervention is an early one</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This IZA discussion paper pones that, if society intervenes early enough, it can improve cognitive and socio-emotional abilities and the health of disadvantaged children. These interventions are estimated to have high benefit-cost ratios and rates of return. As programs are currently configured, interventions early in the lifecycle of disadvantaged children have much higher economic returns than later interventions such as reduced pupil-teacher ratios, public job training, convict rehabilitation programs, adult literacy programs, tuition subsidies or expenditure on police.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/disadvantaged-children-an-effective-intervention-is-an-early-one/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/disadvantaged-children-an-effective-intervention-is-an-early-one/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Wealth and income: what relationship?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This OECD report examines the correlation between family wealth and disposable income. More precise information on wealth will enable policies to be better targeted, especially knowing that the correlation between the two is not perfect, even if positive and strong.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/wealth-and-income-what-relationship/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/wealth-and-income-what-relationship/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Do poor children become poor adults?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In this IZA paper, Dr. Corak suggests that income transfer is important for the protective purposes IN THE SHORT RUN but appears to have little impact on the future mobility of children. Instead, the focus should be on social investments across the life stages of child and youth life with a particular focus on post-secondary attendance and achievement. Canada has performed well in comparison to countries like Finland or Sweden and is far advanced in relation to the US and the UK.  It is high time our understanding of social mobility in Belgium would be based on facts and research than the current unsubstantiated belief in the superiority of our system.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/do-poor-children-become-poor-adults/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/do-poor-children-become-poor-adults/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Equality is a political choice</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Inequality is significantly related to fiscal and socio-economic choices. Europe is less unequal than the US because of the European social model with minimum wages, stronger unionisation and central wage mechanisms.  The intra-European variation is attributed to the different degree of redistributive policies. A mixture of policies can reduce inequality: redistributive taxation, a &#8220;flexicure&#8221; labour market, easier access to education, public housing and health services and a more inclusive immigration policy.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/equality-is-a-political-choice/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/equality-is-a-political-choice/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>High taxation creates gender gap on the labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Policies and institutions do play a role in explaining differences in working hours among employed individuals across OECD countries. According to this OECD working paper, high taxation on second earners has a significant disincentive effect on the intensive margin of labour supply and is one of the main causes of the gender gap on the labour market. A matter of concern is that all the factors that are seen to suppress working time in the OECD are cumulatively present in Belgium. In the context of an ageing population, it is high time to lift the barriers to a longer working time.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/high-taxation-creates-gender-gap-on-the-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/high-taxation-creates-gender-gap-on-the-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Inequalities affect subjective well-being</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This paper from the Social Science Research Center of Berlin compares the quality of life of given societies across time and space. According to the results, East European countries tend to have a rather low quality of life, while Austria, Belgium, The Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark form a cluster of countries with high quality of life. The paper also shows that most inequality dimensions affect people&#8217;s subjective well-being, but that some of the more materialistic inequality dimensions (such as income) tend to be less important in rich societies, while certain non materialistic dimensions (such as family) are getting more important.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/inequalities-affect-subjective-well-being/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/inequalities-affect-subjective-well-being/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Why the minimum wage policy is an ineffective tool in reducing poverty</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The poverty rate, as measured by the number of people with net equivalence incomes below half the median income, has been increasing in recent years in Germany says this IZA publication. To prevent poverty among the working poor, introducing or increasing the minimum wage seems at first sight like a plausible cure. However, the authors found a weak link between low hourly wages and net household incomes, making the minimum wage policy a rather ineffective tool to combat poverty. This is due to the complex interactions between individual wages, the tax benefit system and net household incomes.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 02 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/why-the-minimum-wage-policy-is-an-ineffective-tool-in-reducing-poverty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/why-the-minimum-wage-policy-is-an-ineffective-tool-in-reducing-poverty/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>European regional integration increased within country inequality</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This paper focuses on the net effect of regional integration on total income inequality in the European Union. According to the results of the study, regional integration remaps inequality in Europe: Regionalization is associated with both a decrease in between-country inequality, and an increase in within-country inequality. Overall, the evidence is that the net effect is negative, and that within-country inequality now comprises a larger proportion of total income inequality. However, this does not mean that regional integration should be blamed since it may have increased the overall size of the pie...
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-regional-integration-increased-within-country-inequality/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-regional-integration-increased-within-country-inequality/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The Belgian social model is not  a model anymore</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos gives critical reflections on the unions and mutual funds call to maintain the so called &#8220;Belgian social model&#8221;. He points out that this model has been under existential pressure for over thirty years and that it can only survive through reform.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-belgian-social-model-is-not-anymore-a-model/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-belgian-social-model-is-not-anymore-a-model/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Controlling climate change: a hindrance to achieve the Millennium Development Goals?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Climate change can have a pernicious effect on development and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015. Economic development risks to furhter increase environmental stresses. This paper wonders whether there is necessarily a trade-off between controlling climate change on the one hand and meeting the MDGs on the other. It is argued that there is no a priori conflict between the two, although it should also be recognised that the achievement of the MDGs will not necessarily depend on the control &#8211; or not &#8211; of climate change.  ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/controlling-climate-change-a-hindrance-to-achieve-the-millennium-development-goals/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/controlling-climate-change-a-hindrance-to-achieve-the-millennium-development-goals/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Counting and Multidimensional Poverty Measurement</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Ever since the introduction of the Human Development Index (HDI) in the 70s, unidimensional poverty measurements almost belong to past. Despite its undisputable advantages, multi-dimensional thinking is still in an early stage and many problems are yet to be solved. This paper deals with the identification of the poor in a multidimensional setting; how can we aggregate across dimensions?  This paper introduces an intuitive &#8211; but yet technical! &#8211; approach to multidimensional poverty measurement and counting. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/counting-and-multidimensional-poverty-measurement/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/counting-and-multidimensional-poverty-measurement/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Educational inequalities among immigrants</title>
<description><![CDATA[ A precondition for immigrants&#8217; integration is their point of departure for labour market success: their education and ability. Whereas most studies disguise the diversity within the immigrant population by focusing on average educational attainment of immigrants vis-&#224;-vis natives, this paper examines educational inequalities among immigrants in eight high immigration countries. The results indicate that for almost all countries immigrants&#8217; educational dispersion is considerably higher than for natives. In most countries immigrants&#8217; high educational dispersion derives from a considerable group of 'worst' achieving immigrants who fall considerably behind 'worst' achieving native students.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/educational-inequalities-among-immigrants/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/educational-inequalities-among-immigrants/</guid>
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<title>Guaranteed survival income trap threatens about 7,000 people in Ghent</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Families which must manage with an unemployment benefit, a guard compensation or a another replacement income, are frequently worse off than people who live from a guaranteed minimum income. According to a study of ACW-Ghent this is the case for about 7,000 people in Ghent. By means of examples it becomes clear how big the differences in monthly income can be. Many people just above the treshold to qualify for additional support whose people with a guaranteed minimum income get are actually worse off than these latter. The ACW-Ghent proposes to also give the former entitlements to additional support. The authors do not investigate whether or not this policy would increase the guaranteed survival income trap.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/guaranteedsurvivalincometrapthreatensabout7000peopleinghent/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/guaranteedsurvivalincometrapthreatensabout7000peopleinghent/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Richer but less equal?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Revenues inequalities are rising in Belgium. This finding is frequently coupled to globalization and the evolution through a knowledge economy in popular media. Is everything said or are there alternative explanations possible?]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/richer-but-less-equal-is-the-recent-rise-in-revenue-inequalities-a-statistical-construction/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/richer-but-less-equal-is-the-recent-rise-in-revenue-inequalities-a-statistical-construction/</guid>
</item>
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<title>The digital gap does not exist</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Approximately 90% of the Flemish between 18 and 45 years old dispose of a computer and access to the internet. Whereas the digital gap in terms of ICT possession was only recently filled, a new form of digital inequality suddenly emerges. Research shows that not everybody uses ICT-technology in the same way. As if someone expected the opposite, it turns out that the highly-qualified use the internet in a different way than the low-skilled. Is the class struggle going digital or is the observed usage gap primarily an expression of an obsessive striving towards absolute consumption equality?
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-digital-gap-does-not-exist/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-digital-gap-does-not-exist/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Philanthropy: What&#8217;s in it for Belgium?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marieke Huysentruyt gives an introduction to the global philanthropy phenomenon and shows how one can draw lessons from it on creativity and innovation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/philanthropy-whats-in-it-for-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/philanthropy-whats-in-it-for-belgium/</guid>
<enclosure url="http://www.itinerainstitute.org/upl/1/default/doc/Presentation%20Philanthropy.pdf" length="763158" type="application/pdf" />
</item>
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<title>No everybody is equal with respect to poverty</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Non-European inhabitants have a 30% chance to live in poverty here in Belgium. This is the result of a King Baudouin Foundation report which is the first one to draw a systematic picture of poverty among foreigners in Belgium. So far traditional stakeholders in poverty alleviation policy did not adequately take into account the growing relation between migration and poverty. We face an important challenge: how to prevent the emergence of a &#8220;poverty generation&#8221; and to improve relations between the different communities in Belgium.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/no-everybody-is-equal-with-respect-to-poverty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/no-everybody-is-equal-with-respect-to-poverty/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Can marketing help in the design of Belgian anti-poverty policy?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This article illustrates how apparently minor situational factors determine economic decision making of the poor (but no only of the poor) and how the for-profit sector often and effectively (ab)uses these mechanisms. Examples include advertisements for expensive loans, supplementary warrants for TV and high interest credit cards. Whereas the private sector spends great amounts of money and attention on marketing, government and non-for-profits typically do not. The authors suggest that the public sector could stimulate positive options such as health diets, pension saving or prime-rate loans relatively low costs by using marketing tools of the private sector. The upshot is that substantial welfare changes may result from relatively minor policy interventions, and that insightful marketing might help in the design of such interventions.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 24 Sep 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/marketing-in-aid-of-decision-making-among-the-poor/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/marketing-in-aid-of-decision-making-among-the-poor/</guid>
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<title>How poor are America&#8217;s poor?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In 2005, the US Census Bureau counted 37 million &#8216;poor&#8217; Americans. Very few of this heterogeneous group face material hardship. Official figures  learn that 43% of the US poor own their own three-bedroom homes, 80% have airconditioning, 75% has one car and 31% even owns two cars.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 27 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-poor-are-americas-poor/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-poor-are-americas-poor/</guid>
</item>
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<title>The American Dream is still alive</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The USA remains an example of successful immigration policy. While American politics are in turmoil over limiting immigration, the figures for upward economic mobility of immigrants in the US remain striking. A country that absorbs more than one and a half million of immigrants per year is still able to provide economic integration and strong upward mobility between generations. However, the growing number of low skilled immigrants presents a challenge to upward mobility.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 01 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-american-dream-is-still-alive/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-american-dream-is-still-alive/</guid>
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<title>Economic Survey of France 2007</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In the recent OECD Economic Survey of France, the authors focus strongly on poverty, social exclusion and duality in the labour market. The impact of the education system on equity and growth is critically assessed. Several observations in this report are very relevant for Belgium.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/economic-survey-of-france-2007/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/economic-survey-of-france-2007/</guid>
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<title>Wages, Profits and Income Inequality: an Infernal Combination?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos nuances the recent controversy on wages, profits and income inequality.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/wages-profits-income-inequality-an-infernal-combination/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/wages-profits-income-inequality-an-infernal-combination/</guid>
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<title>Changes in the Economic Resources of Low-Income Households with Children</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The prevailing stereotype of the U.S. economy in the media is that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Do we observe this &#8220;richer-take-all&#8221; effect in reality? A new study of the U.S. Congressional Budget Office rebuts some of the popular claims on poverty in the U.S. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 May 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/changes-in-the-economic-resources-low-income-households-children/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/changes-in-the-economic-resources-low-income-households-children/</guid>
</item>
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<title>Poverty Among Migrants in Europe</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The horror state of immigrants in Belgium: over half of non-EU migrants live under the poverty threshold. Orsolya Lelkes from the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research quantifies poverty among migrants in Europe.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sun, 01 Apr 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-among-migrants-europe/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poverty-among-migrants-europe/</guid>
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<title>Dreamland Europe</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos reflects on the European Lisbon strategy and wonders whether it is compatible with the official discourse for more income equality.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 16 Mar 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/dreamland-europe/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/dreamland-europe/</guid>
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<title>Has U.S. Income Inequality Really Increased?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The media are rife with stories about rising income inequality. However, the public debate on poverty and inequality in the US highlights the difficulties to measure income inequality correctly. A correct societal debate does require a correct measurement of poverty and inequality. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/has-us-income-inequality-really-increased/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/has-us-income-inequality-really-increased/</guid>
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<title>How to Win the War on Poverty: An Analysis of State Poverty Trends</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Government is sometimes perceived as a modern-day Robin Hood, reducing poverty through spending while making everyone pay their fair share through taxation. Matthew Ladner from the Goldwater Institute empirically evaluates the effectiveness of state government as &#8220;Robin Hood&#8221;. He concludes that the best antipoverty programme is a four-letter word: jobs.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 01 Nov 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-win-war-poverty-an-analysis-state-poverty-trends/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-win-war-poverty-an-analysis-state-poverty-trends/</guid>
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<title>Gender Inequality, Growth and Global Ageing</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The fight against inequality makes also economic sense. As a recent Goldman Sachs study shows, further reduction in labour market inequality between women and men can be a powerful tool for economic growth and against ageing. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Sun, 01 Oct 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/gender-inequality-growth-and-global-ageing/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/gender-inequality-growth-and-global-ageing/</guid>
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<title>UK National Plan on Social Inclusion 2006-2008</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The UK succeeded in reducing poverty by making work pay. The introduction of the National Minimum Wage and tax credits have lifted 2.4 million people out of relative poverty. More efforts are however needed. The document provides key choices for the essential renewal of the welfare state.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 29 Sep 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/uk-national-plan-on-social-inclusion/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/uk-national-plan-on-social-inclusion/</guid>
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<title>The Gender Pay Gap &#8212; Origins and Policy Responses</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The gender pay gap persists and requires a multi-dimensional policy response. This report for the European Commission presents a unique comparative review for 30 countries.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 18 Jul 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-gender-pay-gap-origins-and-policy-responses/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-gender-pay-gap-origins-and-policy-responses/</guid>
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<title>Poor Ireland?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Ireland is widely known as the Celtic Tigre that has generated a true economic miracle. However, a recent report demonstrates that Ireland has the highest poverty rate in the entire European Union. Is the Irish miracle a myth? Marc De Vos analyses and nuances the diagnosis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jun 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poor-ireland/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/poor-ireland/</guid>
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<title>Do All Belgians Face the Same Inflation Rate?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Inflation is not popular since it affects everyone. But are we all equally affected by inflation? This question matters in Belgium with the automatic indexation of wages and welfare benefits. Indeed if inflation turns out to affect poor households more than the rich, possibly due to different consumption patterns, indexation may offer unequal protection against inflation. In this paper, Jean Hindriks shows that, surprisingly enough, the inflation rate does not differ much across income groups.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 22 May 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/do-all-belgians-face-the-same-inflation-rate/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/do-all-belgians-face-the-same-inflation-rate/</guid>
</item>
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