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<title>Itinera Institute - Issues - Migration &amp; Integration</title>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org</link>
<description>Itinera Institute - Issues - Migration &amp; Integration</description>
<image>
<url>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/web/sources/img/logo_itinera.jpg</url>
<title>Itinera Institute - Issues - Migration &amp; Integration</title>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org</link>
</image>
<copyright>Copyright 2010, Itinera Institute</copyright>
<language>en</language>
<pubDate>Mon, 26 Jul 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
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<title>Belgium&#8217;s migration policy</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In its third annual report, the Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism analyzes Belgium&#8217;s migration policies throughout 2009.  Contrary to the preceding year, 2009 turned out to be the year in which the federal government came into action, carrying out a regularization based on the principle of &#8216;enduring anchoring&#8217;.  While the topic of economic migration has ceased to be a priority since the economic crisis has hit the country, the Centre continues to plead for a transparent, clear-cut and proactive migration policy.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 26 Jul 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/belgium-migration-policy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/belgium-migration-policy/</guid>
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<title>Stop wasting our human capital!</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos condemns the widespread waste of Belgium&#8217;s only natural resource: human talent. In migration and integration, in education, and on the labour market waste is ubiquitous. We need a broad policy strategy for human capital, without dogmas. The clock of demography is ticking ominously.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jun 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/stop-wasting-our-human-capital/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/stop-wasting-our-human-capital/</guid>
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<title>Migrants&#8217; income in Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This CSB report confirms results previously published in other studies: wages and labour market opportunities are on average lower for migrants than for autochthones.  Immigration and integration policies should therefore be adapted and improved. Our country needs to take the appropriate measures to activate immigrants on the labour market which will contribute to our economy&#8217;s growth.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 27 May 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migrants-income-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migrants-income-in-belgium/</guid>
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<title>Unions and Upward Mobility for Immigrant Workers</title>
<description><![CDATA[ On average, immigrant workers earn less than their autochthon peers. In the literature, it is often suggested that this is due to a lesser understanding of the host country&#8217;s labour market and the possibilities to benefit from some sort of protection. This report reviews the characteristics of the immigrant workforce and analyzes the impact of unionization on the pay and benefits of immigrant workers. After controlling for systematic differences between union and non-union workers, this CEPR paper says, union representation substantially improves the pay and benefits received by immigrants.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 06 May 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/unions-and-upward-mobility-for-immigrant-workers/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/unions-and-upward-mobility-for-immigrant-workers/</guid>
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<title>Migration and the rise of far right</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In recent years, the popularity of new radical right-wing parties with anti-immigrant platforms has increased across Europe. Far from reflecting a short term trend triggered by the current economic downturn, the rise of the new radical right indicates a deep economic and social malaise affecting western European societies. This Policy Network paper warns political parties and the wider public not to dismiss the new radical right as fanatical parties operating on the fringe of politics, but rather to embark on careful examination of their political discourse.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-and-the-rise-of-far-right/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-and-the-rise-of-far-right/</guid>
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<title>The Impact of terrorism on the Employment and Earnings of European Muslims</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This IZA paper estimates the impact that Britain's July 2005 bombings had on the labor market outcomes of UK residents who are either Muslim by religious affiliation or whose nativity profiles are similar to the terrorists. The authors find a 10 percentage point decrease in the employment of very young Muslim men relative to non-Muslim immigrants accompanied by consistent declines in real earnings and hours worked. We need to minimize these potential impacts, for discrimination and futureless situations are the cradle of terrorism.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 22 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-impact-of-terrorism-on-the-employment-and-earnings-of-european-muslims/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-impact-of-terrorism-on-the-employment-and-earnings-of-european-muslims/</guid>
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<title>European Cities accommodating diversity</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With increasing migration flows, governments increasingly face integration issues, and not the least in our capital. Local governments have a role to play mainly as providers of public goods and services but also as policy-makers and employers. In the context of a European project (DIVE), this paper from the Migration Policy Group provides concrete recommendations to European cities to promote diversity and equality within the context of a local integration strategy. The performance of Amsterdam, Rome, Leeds, Berlin and London is analyzed with respect to defined benchmarks. We can undoubtedly learn from some of their good practices.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 09 Mar 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-cities-accommodating-diversity/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-cities-accommodating-diversity/</guid>
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<title>Temporary vs permanent immigration employment</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Migration is often viewed as an investment decision. Temporary migrants can be expected to invest less in accumulating human capital specific to the host country. Instead, they work more hours in order to accumulate savings and invest in financial capital that can be transferred back to their country of origin upon return. In this IZA paper the authors explore how temporary migrants differ from permanent migrants in their labour supply decisions and behaviour.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 24 Feb 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/temporary-vs-permanent-immigration-employment/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/temporary-vs-permanent-immigration-employment/</guid>
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<title>The economic benefits of comprehensive immigration reform</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Comprehensive immigration reform that legalizes currently unauthorized immigrants and creates flexible legal limits (that rise and fall with labour demand) on future immigration in the context of full labour rights would help American workers and the U.S. economy. Unlike the current enforcement-only strategy, comprehensive reform would raise the &#8220;wage floor&#8221; for the entire U.S. economy&#8212;to the benefit of both immigrant and native-born workers this Centre for American Progress publication argues. An idea definitely worth scrutinizing in Europe!]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 19 Jan 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-economic-benefits-of-comprehensive-immigration-reform/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-economic-benefits-of-comprehensive-immigration-reform/</guid>
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<title>Developing and using European integration indicators</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With the increase of immigration flows, European countries have to seriously consider the related integration issue. This paper from the Migration Policy Group suggests developing and using more appropriate European integration indicators that would measure integration in such fields as employment, education and training, and other social aspects (healthcare, pensions, etc). These indicators would push us to formulate targets, better monitor performances of integration policies and allow us to learn from best practices more easily. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jan 2010 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/developing-and-using-european-integration-indicators/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/developing-and-using-european-integration-indicators/</guid>
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<title>Decentralising integration policies</title>
<description><![CDATA[ As cities and regions across Europe struggle to manage the integration challenges posed by immigration, a growing number of people are looking to decentralisation for answers. This Policy Network paper argues that increasing the financial and decision-making power of local authorities is a necessary precondition for formulating and implementing successful integration policies, but it is not a panacea. The paper provides a framework for thinking about decentralisation and its implications at different levels of governance taking into account the varied ideological and institutional settings which prevail across Europe.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 08 Dec 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/decentralising-integration-policies/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/decentralising-integration-policies/</guid>
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<title>Children of immigrants on the labour markets of EU and OECD countries</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In about half of all OECD countries, children of immigrants account for ten or more percent of young adults (20-29) in the labour market. This OECD report evaluates the labour market outcomes (educational attainment, employment and unemployment rates) of the children of immigrants on the basis of their origin and background. The gaps between children of immigrants and children of natives are particularly large in Belgium and in the Netherlands. We should really learn from experiences in other OECD countries.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Dec 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/children-of-immigrants-on-the-labour-markets-of-eu-and-oecd-countries/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/children-of-immigrants-on-the-labour-markets-of-eu-and-oecd-countries/</guid>
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<title>2010, the immigration decennium? </title>
<description><![CDATA[ The more migration data is made available, the more reality is ignored. Time to set things straight; to begin with future migration projections. According to Jan Hertogen, from NPData, real migration balance between 2007 and 2020 is 10,1% higher than official estimations. Compared to 1980-1989, migration is five times more important in 2010-2019. Now guidance for support, self organisation, integration and language skills of Belgian immigrants should increase by a factor 5 too, the sociologist says.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/2010-the-immigration-decennium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/2010-the-immigration-decennium/</guid>
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<title>Citizenship policies in the age of diversity</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Citizenship is a crucial concept for integrating immigrants. European countries are giving more and more importance to diversity management through this principle. This publication explains the notion of citizenship in Europe and suggests some ways to promote it.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/citizenship-policies-in-the-age-of-diversity/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/citizenship-policies-in-the-age-of-diversity/</guid>
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<title>Human development report 2009</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to the United Nations Development Program, Belgium is, as the year before, the 17th most developed country in the world. This year&#8217;s issue focuses on the effects of migration on the general well-being of the host population. Today, immigration is the only way Belgium has to significantly increase its population, although important challenges like education and integration are often associated with immigration too. While advancing a series of recommendations, the UNDP has the objective to help us improving human mobility and by doing so we could even win a few places in the human development ranking.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Oct 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/human-development-report-2009/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/human-development-report-2009/</guid>
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<title>Economic effects of illegal immigrants' regularization in Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Cost and benefits resulting from illegal immigrants&#8217; regularization policies are of the same type but do not have the same magnitude as legal immigration policies. Illegal immigrants already live in our country and their regularization generally gives rise to family gathering or network effects. Which impact can regularization then have on our labour market and public finances? Is this impact lower or higher than the one caused by legal immigration? In this publication from the UCL economic review &#8220;Regards &#233;conomiques&#8221;, the authors help us to understand reality better and perhaps to reconsider possible misjudgments on the subject.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/economic-effects-of-illegal-immigrants-regularization-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/economic-effects-of-illegal-immigrants-regularization-in-belgium/</guid>
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<title>The Future of International Migration</title>
<description><![CDATA[ It is very likely Western economies will have to attract foreign labour to deal with an ageing workforce. This OECD publication explores the social, economic and environmental forces that may combine to attract migrants of various types and backgrounds to OECD countries, as well as those that may persuade migrants to emigrate or to stay at home. This volume endeavours to cast light on a range of key questions.  Which factors will be major determinants of global migration flows?  Which OECD countries will look particularly attractive for migrants? Belgium better be prepared if it doesn&#8217;t want to lose the international war for talent!]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Sep 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-future-of-international-migration/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-future-of-international-migration/</guid>
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<title>Immigrant, Muslim, Female: Triple Paralysis?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Unemployment figures of Muslim women indicate not many of them are working. That does not necessarily mean Muslim women do not have employment aspirations. In fact, the key finding of this Quilliam Foundation report is that 57% of the Muslim women surveyed actually want to work. However, it still leaves 39% who do not want to find work, a significant number for whom this report tries to establish what is holding them back.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrant-muslim-female-triple-paralysis/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrant-muslim-female-triple-paralysis/</guid>
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<title>Labour migration in times of recession</title>
<description><![CDATA[ An economic recession makes a country less attractive to migrate to. Given the widespread nature of the current downturn there are fewer honey pots to attract mobile people from one country to another. Also, many people seize the opportunity of a recession to return home. This paper from the Policy Network investigates what the net immigration effects will be for Europe and the UK considering today&#8217;s gloomy economic outlook. The problem&#8217;s complexity makes forward planning to respond to population movement very difficult. This is unfortunate, the authors conclude, as immigrant labour can play a significant role in an economy&#8217;s revival.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/labour-migration-in-times-of-recession/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/labour-migration-in-times-of-recession/</guid>
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<title>Lessons from migration after the EU enlargement</title>
<description><![CDATA[ After the EU enlargement in 2004, many feared large migration flows from new to the old member states. The potential increase in competition on the labour market and for welfare benefits seemed particularly dreadful. That is why Belgium and other old EU member states decided to restrict access to labour markets, before lifting these restrictions gradually. In this publication from IZA, the authors study the evolution of East European workers&#8217; migration, its causes and effects in the new member states. The interested reader will also find some considerations about the crisis&#8217; impact on these migration flows.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 08 Jul 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/lessons-from-migration-after-the-eu-enlargement/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/lessons-from-migration-after-the-eu-enlargement/</guid>
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<title>The headscarf debate illustrates the multicultural dream failure</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos signals that the discussion over the headscarf prohibition in Antwerp passes over the essence, that is to say, the fact that Muslim women testify an isolated conservatism and social choices must be made. We need a conscious and leading culture to create unity within diversity.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Jul 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-headscarf-debate-illustrates-the-multicultural-dream-failure/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-headscarf-debate-illustrates-the-multicultural-dream-failure/</guid>
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<title>Brain drain from the sending countries&#8217; perspective</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Undoubtedly, industrialized countries can gain a lot from skilled migration &#8211; especially in today&#8217;s ageing context. But does that mean that &#8216;sending countries&#8217; lose from skilled emigration? This IZA paper assesses the global effects of brain drain on developing countries. The author&#8217;s findings suggest that the short-run impact of brain drain on resident human capital is extremely crucial, as it does not only determine the number of skilled workers available to domestic production, but is also affects the sending economy&#8217;s capacity to innovate or to adopt modern technologies. Shouldn&#8217;t we therefore consider training our low-skilled workforce first?]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Jun 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/brain-drain-from-the-sending-countries-perspective/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/brain-drain-from-the-sending-countries-perspective/</guid>
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<title>Integrating immigrant children into European schools</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Parental involvement in the education of their children is essential to children&#8217;s success at school. Unfortunately, many immigrant parents encounter difficulties of a linguistic or cultural nature to do so. This publication from Eurydice studies three methods of promoting communication between schools in Europe and immigrant families: publication of written information on the school system in the language of origin of immigrant families, the use of interpreters in various school-related situations, and the appointment of persons to be specifically responsible for connecting immigrant pupils and their families with the school.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 28 May 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/integrating-immigrant-children-into-european-schools/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/integrating-immigrant-children-into-european-schools/</guid>
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<title>Where do emigrants from a rich welfare state go to, and why? </title>
<description><![CDATA[ A large literature has analyzed how income distribution and redistribution are related to immigration to various rich countries. In this paper, Panu Poutvaara et al. (IZA) take a look at the other side of the coin and analyze emigration from the richest and most redistributive European welfare states. It is found that people from rich welfare states with higher skills and of higher earning capacity should be more likely to go to countries with wider income distribution, like the Anglo-Saxon countries, than countries with relatively flat earnings distribution, like the Scandinavian countries. A lesson to attract high-skilled workers? ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/where-do-emigrants-from-a-rich-welfare-state-go-to/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/where-do-emigrants-from-a-rich-welfare-state-go-to/</guid>
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<title>The social lift is broken</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In this report, the King Baudouin Foundation analyzes the differences in school performances between autochthon and immigrant pupils. It appears that there are important social inequalities in the French and Flemish Communities and a positive correlation between the parents&#8217; socio-economic status and their children&#8217;s results. Even though the family&#8217;s socio-economic situation can largely explain the differences in performance between the Belgian and immigrant pupils, education should be a way to improve social mobility through generations and reduce social inequalities. Therefore, the report pleads, among other things, in favor of desegregation policies in the educational system.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-social-lift-is-broken/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-social-lift-is-broken/</guid>
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<title>Migration: annual report 2008</title>
<description><![CDATA[ More and more foreigners are leaving their home country to reach Europe. But some of them construct a new live in our country without knowing whether and how long they will be allowed to stay in Belgium. When are we going to adopt an efficient regulation policy for migrants in Belgium? This report from the Centre for Equal Opportunities and Opposition to Racism analyzes the nature, the size and the challenges related to migration in Belgium. The Center also formulates recommendations on different aspects of migration and insists on the necessity to adopt a permanent regularization process instead of punctual measures. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-annual-report-2008/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-annual-report-2008/</guid>
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<title>Universal human rights require Western action</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos is concerned with president Obama&#8217;s diplomatic rhetoric towards the Muslim world. The situation in strategic countries such as Turkey, Pakistan and Afghanistan is worrisome. Much more than ringing words, we are in need of real action that deals with the harsh realities, notably as regards human rights.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/universal-human-rights-require-western-action/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/universal-human-rights-require-western-action/</guid>
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<title>Migration and the global crisis</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to the International Organization for Migration there are mainly two good reasons not to reduce migration in destination countries during this global crisis. First, human mobility, as underscored in IOM&#8217;s 2008 World Migration Report, makes economies more dynamic and more efficient. The second reason is that the influxes of returning migrants may result in economic and social instability in poorer countries, which could increase irregular migration and trafficking in human beings. Now more than ever we need a well-considered migration policy. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 03 Apr 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-and-the-global-crisis/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-and-the-global-crisis/</guid>
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<title>Managing highly-skilled labour migration</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Soon, demographic change and the retirement of many skilled workers will push us to call for a highly qualified foreign workforce. The problem is that we have to match demand and supply. Highly-skilled foreign workers do not necessarily receive a job offer from our country and even if it were the case, nothing indicates they would go for it. That&#8217;s why we need active recruitment policies for highly-skilled migrants. This OECD report investigates some of these policies: employer-driven migration systems, immigrant-driven migration, special migration schemes for highly skilled workers and free movement of workers.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Mar 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/managing-highly-skilled-labour-migration/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/managing-highly-skilled-labour-migration/</guid>
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<title>Radicalisation amongst Muslims in Belgium?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to this report by Koutroubas, Vloeberghs and Yanasmayan, the majority of Muslim Belgians seem to have embraced the spirit of compromise and moderation prevalent in the country&#8217;s political scene. Despite the presence of several radical movements within its borders, Belgium in fact was largely spared the very serious violence and conflict that were recently experienced by some of the neighbouring countries. Can we say that everything is ok then? No, it is not. Youngsters of immigrant origin, who feel excluded from both their parents&#8217; culture and their autochthon compatriots&#8217; world, constitute a huge potential source of tension and an easy prey for radical groups. There are many of them in Belgium, but fortunately they are not yet lost to our society.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/radicalisation-amongst-muslims-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/radicalisation-amongst-muslims-in-belgium/</guid>
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<title>Migrants and educational achievement : ten policy suggestions </title>
<description><![CDATA[ In most OECD countries, migrant students&#8217; performance remains relatively low with respect to native students&#8217; performance, PISA studies say. Some factors like selection mechanisms, resources inequalities, school organization, language difficulties of foreign students, etc would decrease migrants&#8217; education outcomes. The latter is nonetheless important for their labor market integration. This OECD report offers then solutions aimed at facilitating a better integration of young migrants into our educational system.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migrants-and-educational-achievement-ten-policy-suggestions/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migrants-and-educational-achievement-ten-policy-suggestions/</guid>
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<title>Economic effects of post-enlargement migration: negative, neutral or positive?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union were unprecedented in a number of economic and policy aspects. This IZA essay provides a broad and in-depth account of the effects of the post-enlargement migration flows on the receiving as well as sending countries in three areas: labour markets, welfare systems, and growth and competitiveness. It concludes that on the whole, no negative immigration-related effects could be detected, that post-enlargement migration contributes to growth prospects of the EU and that restrictions on the free movement of workers bring about difficulties. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 Jan 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/economic-effects-of-post-enlargement-migration-negative-neutral-or-positive/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/economic-effects-of-post-enlargement-migration-negative-neutral-or-positive/</guid>
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<item>
<title>Labour market policies exercice I</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Employment growth is often associated with lower average measured labour productivity growth as more low-skilled workers enter the workforce. However, policies can also have sizeable direct effects on individual productivity levels and/or growth by creating incentives for workers to invest in training, facilitating reallocation of resources (through employment protection legislation for example) to their most productive uses and generating or maintaining high-quality job matches. In this paper, Bassanini and Venn analyze the impact of such labour market policies on productivity in OECD countries.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 12 Jan 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/labour-market-policies-exercice-i/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/labour-market-policies-exercice-i/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Protests in Belgium against the Gaza war, or the need for common citizenship</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos explains that the protests in Belgium against the Gaza war are a symptom of a diasporaculture and minority thinking. He stresses the need for another integration vision, through spontaneous assimilation in a common citizenship.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 Jan 2009 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/protests-in-belgium-against-the-gaza-war/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/protests-in-belgium-against-the-gaza-war/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>(Un)employment of foreign workers in Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ At the international level, Belgium is one of the countries where the disparities between immigrants and nationals on the labour market are the highest: lower employment rate and higher unemployment rate than nationals, more temporary and partial work and overrepresentation in the blue-collar workforce. What is to blame? Several factors like training differences, asymmetric information or unemployment traps. This report from de General Directorate for Employment therefore implicitly concludes that a good activation policy would be a good integration policy.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Dec 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/un-employment-of-foreign-workers-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/un-employment-of-foreign-workers-in-belgium/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Employment and migration in Europe</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to this European Commission report, migrants have made a strong contribution to recent labor market performance of the EU, addressing labor and skill shortages and increasing flexibility. Nevertheless, there remain considerable challenges regarding the adequate integration of migrants into the labor market in particular with regard to quality of employment and effective use of their human capital, the authors argue. With only one out of tree migrants working, this is particularly true for Belgium.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 05 Dec 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/employment-and-migration-in-europe/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/employment-and-migration-in-europe/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Economic impact of the migration flows following the 2004 enlargement</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This European Commission Paper shows that migration-induced reallocation of labour resources across countries following the 2004 EU enlargement process has already brought sizeable economic benefits for the enlarged EU. It would be na&#239;ve to think, however, that all European citizens have won from the enlargement the authors say. At the level of specific skill groups, for example, there is the potential  for income losses for the low skilled in the &#8220;receiving&#8221; countries and for medium to high skilled workers in the &#8220;sending countries&#8221;.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/economic-impact-of-the-migration-flows-following-the-2004-enlargement/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/economic-impact-of-the-migration-flows-following-the-2004-enlargement/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>What can be learnt from the Dutch integration story?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In what social and economic areas is the gap between autochthones and immigrants closing? And in what areas nothing has changed? What factors are determining? This year report 2008 of the Dutch bureau for statistics is a source of inspiration about the actual situation of the social integration processes. And for a country like Belgium which is very close to the Netherlands according to the Migration Policy Index, this report can be an important source of inspiration on what to do, and what not to do.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/what-can-be-learnt-from-the-dutch-integration-story/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/what-can-be-learnt-from-the-dutch-integration-story/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Benefits of circular migration</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Circular migration is a continuing, long-term, and fluid pattern of international mobility of people among countries that occupy what is now recognized as a single economic space. According to this MPI Insight, both countries of origin and destination gain from this international mobility because it conforms to the natural preferences of many migrants and makes labour markets more flexible &#8211; an important instrument to cushion asymmetric shocks (economic shocks that hit countries differently) in Europe for example. Removing administrative obstacles to mobility and developing flexible long-term residence permits are only two of the many other policy recommendations advanced in this article. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 24 Oct 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/benefits-of-circular-migration/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/benefits-of-circular-migration/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Off-shoring and immigration of skilled workers fosters competitiveness</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to this Bruegel policybrief, Europe&#8217;s corporations are changing the way they do business, in a context of increasing competition and scarcity of top-talent. They are slicing up the value chain and introducing flatter chains of command in order to cut costs and woo the highly skilled workers. Contrary to popular belief, both off-shoring to the near-abroad and immigration of skilled workers can foster European competitiveness and help keep jobs in Europe. This is also highly relevant for a small open economy like Belgium.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Oct 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/off-shoring-and-immigration-of-skilled-workers-fosters-competitiveness/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/off-shoring-and-immigration-of-skilled-workers-fosters-competitiveness/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Migration policy: Belgium is lagging behind, but progresses</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This OECD report provides a broad update of migration policies and contains notably a &#8220;scoreboard&#8221; of immigrant employment integration. Belgium appears in the very bottom league regarding the gap between foreign-born and the native-born: It is ranked last but one, just before Poland. The immigrant employment rate in our country appears among the lowest in the OECD area, while foreign-born unemployment rate appears among the highest. In 2006, only one immigrant in two was employed. The outcome improves when the education profile is taken into account (57%), but not enough to change Belgium&#8217;s position. Despite these bad performances, one can however note that Belgium has made considerable progress since 2001, especially in the case of immigrant women.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-policy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-policy/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Employment assimilation of immigrants in the Netherlands: Catching up and the irrelevance of education</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This Iza study examines employment assimilation of immigrants in The Netherlands. The authors observe marked differences between immigrants by source country: Predictably, non-western immigrants never reach parity with native Dutch, but even the second generation immigrants never fully catch-up. On the contrary, the western, immigrants seem to face no considerable difficulties on the Dutch labour market. The most striking result is however that education is irrelevant for socio-economic position of immigrants once the country of origin has been controlled for, suggesting that immigrants are still subject to discrimination.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/employment-assimilation-of-immigrants-in-the-netherlands-catching-up-and-the-irrelevance-of-education/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/employment-assimilation-of-immigrants-in-the-netherlands-catching-up-and-the-irrelevance-of-education/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Immigrants do not squeeze natives out of labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ As much as we used to think that squeezing out the older workers out of the labour market (lump of labour fallacy) would translate in to jobs for young people, believing immigrants on the labour market have the same effect on native employment is na&#239;ve. This is what follows from this NBER paper by Ottaviano and Peri who pone that immigrants and native jobs can be complementary which means the natives&#8217; wages could go up thanks to immigration.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrants-do-not-squeeze-natives-out-of-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrants-do-not-squeeze-natives-out-of-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Europe&#8217;s immigration priorities</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to this Bruegel policy brief, purely national migration policies are increasingly ineffective in addressing the EU&#8217;s urgent migration challenges. The author identifies high-skilled migration, irregular migration and asylum policy as the key areas for common action, while mid- and low-skilled legal migration and the integration challenge should continue to be dealt with at the national level. Regarding high-skilled immigration, he claims that the European blue card directive needs to be revised so that it genuinely offers access to the entire EU labour market, and that developing countries concerned about brain drain should be offered an opt-out clause.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/europes-immigration-priorities/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/europes-immigration-priorities/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>With kind regards to the Immigrant</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The reasoning sounds compelling: the more immigrants, the larger the number of potential workers and the more the wage of the native worker is threatened. However, for this argument to hold economically, other additional assumptions have to hold. One is, for example, the conjecture that both workers are competing for the same job. This study on the other hand &#8211;  Ottaviano and Peri (NBER, 2007) &#8211;  shows that this wasn't true for the United States in the period 1990-2004, so that the average wage of  the American employee benefited both in the long and in the short run from immigration. European and Belgian policymakers therefore have to keep this result in mind when imposing continuously stricter immigration laws.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/with-kind-regards-to-the-immigrant/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/with-kind-regards-to-the-immigrant/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The impact of EU migration on native workers.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This DWP paper found no statistically significant impact of migration from the new EU Member States on claimant unemployment, either overall of for any identifiable subgroup. In particular the authors found no adverse impacts on the young or low-skilled, nor on wages, either on average or at any point in the wage distribution. Thus, the impact of EU migration on the labour market is not negative now, and given the changing demography, could become a real asset.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-impact-of-eu-migration-on-native-workers/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-impact-of-eu-migration-on-native-workers/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>What we can learn from return migration?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to this EUI paper, a large part of the return migrants from the Maghreb positively evaluate their migration experience. Migrants that left as students or employees, for instance, often go back to occupy high-quality jobs, become self-employed or even employer. But returnees do not form a homogenous group. The high value that returnees may attach to human capital transfer and skill acquisition abroad will determine whether they will consider their migration experience as a success &#8211; or not. 
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/what-we-can-learn-from-return-migration/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/what-we-can-learn-from-return-migration/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Ethnic background matters on labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ More evidence from the Netherlands shows that non-western immigrants never reach parity with native Dutch on the labour market, says this IZA working paper. Ethnic background thus seems to matter in explaining the underperformances of immigrants. Labour market integration therefore requires policies on various fronts such as unemployment, job quality and relation to education and upward mobility. Belgium is only just starting with unemployment&#8230;.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/ethnic-background-matters-on-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/ethnic-background-matters-on-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Migration flows do not only react to economic incentives</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This study of the Catholic University of Leuven offers a structural explanation of migration patterns to European countries between 1980 and 2004. The authors demonstrate that migration flow react to economic incentives, mainly with regard to the labor market, but also to cultural and colonial linkage. They show that the response of migration patterns to shortages in the labor market is highly efficient, while immigrants are not foremost attracted by high levels of social expenditure.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-flows-do-not-only-react-to-economic-incentives/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-flows-do-not-only-react-to-economic-incentives/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>European Blue Cards: What are the main stakes</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Fr&#233;d&#233;ric Docquier analyses the Belgian and European migration policies in the context of an ageing society that looses some of its qualified workforce to the rest of the world. He concludes that a selective migration policy that respects certain crucial principles is not neccesarily pernicious for the countries of origin. The question should rather be: what's in it for the host countries?]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 18 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-blue-cards-what-are-the-main-stakes/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-blue-cards-what-are-the-main-stakes/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Immigrant's educational dispersion and disadvantage</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This IZA working paper confirms what many studies found before: immigrant's educational dispersion exceeds that of natives. This derives from very low achieving immigrants who fall considerably behind 'worst' achieving native students. This is not different for Belgium. The author suggests that factors such as language, family structure and socio-economic status are important in explaining these differences. Surprisingly, even the immigrants' country of origin explains only a very small part of immigrant's achievement. 
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrants-educational-dispersion-and-disadvantage/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrants-educational-dispersion-and-disadvantage/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Belgium is likely to lose the international war on talent</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This NBER article found that the more educated are more likely to emigrate and that more-educated migrants are more likely to settle in destination countries with high rewards to skill. Belgium will therefore have to make efforts in becoming more attractive in the context of an international war on talent. Given our tight labour market and limited income dispersion, many challenges lie ahead.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 09 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/belgium-is-likely-to-lose-the-international-war-on-talent/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/belgium-is-likely-to-lose-the-international-war-on-talent/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Highly educated immigrants even more important than highly educated Belgians on labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to the Socio-Economic Council of Flanders, many highly educated immigrants work under their qualifications and skills level. Unemployment is also 7 times higher compared to highly educated Belgians. Not only is this a waste of societal capital but also a discouraging example for the rest of the immigrant community. The solutions will have to come from all parties involved. The government has to set up and implement a proactive diversity policy, but employers and employees will have to contribute too, through life-long learning or the study of a second official language for example.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 02 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/highly-educated-immigrants-even-more-important-than-highly-educated-belgians-on-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/highly-educated-immigrants-even-more-important-than-highly-educated-belgians-on-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Demography is destiny</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc de Vos offers perspectives on the new demographic predictions for Belgium and warns that structural scarcity on the labour market can engender a real workforce crisis. He pleads for a mobilisation that includes selective immigration but warns that immigration is not a magical solution and that it implies long term consequences.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 14 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/demography-is-destiny/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/demography-is-destiny/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Migration from the new member states: trends and misconceptions</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The successive enlargements of 2004 and 2007 have lowered barriers to intra EU mobility. This explains the enormous increase of new member states immigrants to the EU 15 countries &#8211; and especially to countries like the UK that have open labour markets. According to this study of the Institute for Public Policy Research, the British economy has benefited from this migration flow through the supply of a young, dynamic, increasingly educated and hard working workforce. Only drawback: because of economic, financial and demographic factors, arrivals from the new member states will start to fall and eventually stagnate. This suggests that, as the other old member states, Belgium will have to diversify its remedies to face challenges like ageing or skilled workforce scarcity: migration alone and open labour markets will not be enough.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-from-the-new-member-states-trends-and-misconceptions/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-from-the-new-member-states-trends-and-misconceptions/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does citizenship matter? The economic impact of naturalisations in Germany</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Several reasons could explain why citizenship affects the labour market performance of immigrants. First, productivity could increase thanks to unrestricted market access, second a reduction of the administrative burden that could increase labour opportunities and thirdly it could enhance the employer&#8217;s willingness to invest in human capital. This study, shows an immediate positive naturalization effect on wages and on wage growth. But, as often, differences between immigrants seem to play a considerable role as well. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-citizenship-matter-the-economic-impact-of-naturalisations-in-germany/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-citizenship-matter-the-economic-impact-of-naturalisations-in-germany/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does cultural diversity affect productivity?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The immigration debate has long ago stopped of being a social or a cultural one only. The general economic impact of interactions among a rising and increasingly diversified number of people is now widely recognised &#8211; just think about ageing. But is a culturally diversified society more or less efficient than a culturally homogenous one? The potential benefits &#8211; a wider variety of goods, services and skills &#8211; could be outweighed by potential costs such as racism and prejudices. Using EU 15 data, it is shown that cultural diversity stimulates productivity.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-cultural-diversity-affect-productivity/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-cultural-diversity-affect-productivity/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does employment protection help immigrants? </title>
<description><![CDATA[ Severe employment protection legislation (EPL) creates an information gap between native and immigrant workers. Because of sociological barriers &#8211; language, experience in the labour market, union membership etc. &#8211; the latter are less aware of their rights, and the duties of the employers. This information asymmetry creates a hiring asymmetry in favour of the immigrant worker: the fewer the worker is informed the lower the hiring cost, thus creating a comparative advantage that will benefit to the immigrant worker.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-employment-protection-help-immigrants/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-employment-protection-help-immigrants/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Educational inequalities among immigrants</title>
<description><![CDATA[ A precondition for immigrants&#8217; integration is their point of departure for labour market success: their education and ability. Whereas most studies disguise the diversity within the immigrant population by focusing on average educational attainment of immigrants vis-&#224;-vis natives, this paper examines educational inequalities among immigrants in eight high immigration countries. The results indicate that for almost all countries immigrants&#8217; educational dispersion is considerably higher than for natives. In most countries immigrants&#8217; high educational dispersion derives from a considerable group of 'worst' achieving immigrants who fall considerably behind 'worst' achieving native students.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/educational-inequalities-among-immigrants/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/educational-inequalities-among-immigrants/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does immigration affect the Phillips curve? Some evidence from Spain</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Immigration can help to moderate wages

What is the impact of immigration on inflation? Spain experienced a drop in unemployment by 15 percentage points over the period 1995-2006, with roughly constant inflation. This paper estimates that the fall in unemployment since 1995 would have led to an annual increase in inflation of 2.5 percentage points if it had not been largely offset by immigration, a finding that suggests that immigration can help to suppress inflation as unemployment falls and labour market shortages appear.  The Spanish example suggests that also the Belgian economy, with rising inflation and a labour market with increasing shortages, could benefit from more immigration.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 18 Mar 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-immigration-affect-the-phillips-curve-some-evidence-fom-spain/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-immigration-affect-the-phillips-curve-some-evidence-fom-spain/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>How open economies absorb large immigration flows</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Several decades of research have shown that the effects of immigration flows on wages are surprisingly small. This IZA paper explores alternative channels by which open economies absorb immigration flows. Unprecedented massive immigration into Spanish regions in the period 2001-2006 led to a large expansion of employment in high immigration regions. The main absorption channel has been within-industry changes in the skill composition of sectoral employment (the typical industry in a high-immigration region has increased the share of low educated workers in its workforce, relative to the same industry in a low-immigration region). The authors conclude that, overall, Spanish regions have absorbed immigration flows in the same way as US local economies. With its small and open economy also Belgium could benefit from more immigration.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 18 Mar 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-open-economies-absorb-large-immigration-flows/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-open-economies-absorb-large-immigration-flows/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Integration and assimilation are inseparable</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos contests Turkey&#8217;s prime minister Erdogan&#8217;s labeling of assimilation as a crime against humanity. A degree of assimilation is the natural result of integration. What is more, in western democracies assimilation is a requirement of integration in view of our common and individual citizenship.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 20 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/integratieenassimilatiezijnonafscheidelijk/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/integratieenassimilatiezijnonafscheidelijk/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Belgo-Turkish: A bridge or a Breach between Turkey and the European union?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Migration is a fact of life, a helpful boost to ageing populations, but also a source of division. This study of the King Baudouin Foundation explores the identity of the different Turkish communities in Belgium. While emphasizing the potential of Belgian-Turks as &#8220;intercultural ambassadors&#8221; between communities, it sheds light on the lack of integration of some categories of migrants, like married women and the young. It suggests the development of inclusion policies directed towards migrants associations and civil society organisations working with migrants.  ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/belgo-turkish-a-bridge-or-a-breach-between-turkey-and-the-european-union/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/belgo-turkish-a-bridge-or-a-breach-between-turkey-and-the-european-union/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Immigrant workers and temporary work: a front united?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos reflects on the recent improvement of the jobless rate for young immigrants in Flanders and connects it to the proposal to restrict the duration of temporary work. He defends temporary work limitations but warns that less temporary work also means less work opportunities for the weakest groups as long as the regular labour market stays rigid.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrant-workers-and-temporary-work-a-front-united/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrant-workers-and-temporary-work-a-front-united/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does migration to Belgium reach record heights?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In 2005, more than 90,000 foreigners migrated to our country, a historical peak. This official number exceeds to a great extent the figure in periods when immigration was actively encouraged by the government. In this study Nicolas Perrin (UCL) observes a &#8220;statistical magical trick&#8221;: Belgian official migration statistics do not take into account the (since 1989 exploding) number of asylum seekers. The researcher stresses the discrepancy between the official numbers and reality. He also believes that official statistics suggesting a stable &#8220;foreign population&#8221; in Belgium are flawed. More specifically, the &#8220;foreign population&#8221; is underestimated since the number of Belgians born as a foreigner is not taken into account.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-migration-to-belgium-reach-record-heights/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/does-migration-to-belgium-reach-record-heights/</guid>
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<title>Labour migration to the EU is a win-win</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Also in the EU labour migration constitutes a massive win-win: total remittance flows fade the transfers for Official Development Aid (ODA). In this study, the European Commission for the first time completely mapped these remittance flows. It turns out that migrants in the EU sent about 20 billions euro to third countries in 2006. In the same year 200 millions euro flowed back from Belgium to countries of origin outside the EU, mainly in North Africa.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Nov 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/labour-migration-to-the-eu-is-a-win-win/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/labour-migration-to-the-eu-is-a-win-win/</guid>
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<title>Can migration save ageing?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Immigration raises the population of a country. But what is its impact on ageing and its financing? Almost zero according to the Center for Immigration Studies who raised the question for the United States. Even if migrants are young, they get older and do not reverse the age pyramid. As ageing will not be compensated by increased immigration, genuine policy reforms will be needed to address its budgetary implications. The study demonstrates how raising the retirement age can be a very effective measure.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/can-migration-save-ageing/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/can-migration-save-ageing/</guid>
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<title>More diversification for migration policies</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With a labour market more and more global and more and more qualified, the French migration policy does not promote enough the work migration and favors to much the &#8216;family&#8217; migration. This is the result of this OECD study which recommends to France to diversify its migration policy introducing a dose of selected, temporary and qualified migration. Belgium should pay attention as it shares common migration characteristics with France, such as a dominance of lowly qualified migration and workforce shortage in key sectors.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/more-diversification-for-migration-policies/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/more-diversification-for-migration-policies/</guid>
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<title>The need for a targeted labour migration policy in a welfare state</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Just like Belgium, the Netherlands are attractive for low-skill migrants but less attractive for highly-qualified migrants. This study of the Dutch Centraal Planbureau (CPB) explains this observation by pointing to the welfare state with a relatively high degree of income distribution. Extensive welfare steeds need to put an extra effort to be attractive (financially or otherwise) for highly-qualified migrants. Possible efforts include more fiscal advantages during the first years of stay or simplified procedures for this group of migrants. It furthermore seems wise to only carefully admit low-skill migrants on a temporary basis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-need-for-a-targeted-labour-migration-policy-in-a-welfare-state/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-need-for-a-targeted-labour-migration-policy-in-a-welfare-state/</guid>
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<title>No everybody is equal with respect to poverty</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Non-European inhabitants have a 30% chance to live in poverty here in Belgium. This is the result of a King Baudouin Foundation report which is the first one to draw a systematic picture of poverty among foreigners in Belgium. So far traditional stakeholders in poverty alleviation policy did not adequately take into account the growing relation between migration and poverty. We face an important challenge: how to prevent the emergence of a &#8220;poverty generation&#8221; and to improve relations between the different communities in Belgium.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 23 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/no-everybody-is-equal-with-respect-to-poverty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/no-everybody-is-equal-with-respect-to-poverty/</guid>
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<title>The war for talent is open.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Belgians live longer and have fewer children, this is a fact. In order to compensate for the foretell shortage of qualified workforce we will have to compete with other OECD countries for qualified and employable migrants. According to this publication of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics, we should compare our migration policies with those of countries with a tradition of economic immigration such as the United States, Canada or Australia.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-competition-for-talent-is-open/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-competition-for-talent-is-open/</guid>
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<title>Belgian healthcare policy is not adapted to grey migration.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Migration and ageing are no isolated phenomena: immigrants/foreigners are increasingly part of the collective ageing of our society, causing new integration problems. This study of the King Baudouin Foundation investigates the impact of this evolution on both the host community and people of foreign origin. In terms of social assistance, health care and social protection, host country Belgium has not always carried out the adaptations which the migrant population considers as crucial. The study warns for &#8220;copy-pasting&#8221; our own model of elderly care. Autonomy is an important value for elderly of foreign origin, whereas indigenous elderly rather consider the feeling of familial &#8220;dependence&#8221; as vital.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/grey-migration/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/grey-migration/</guid>
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<title>Muslims integrate less and more slowly than non-Muslims.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ A study for the UK finds that Muslims integrate less and more slowly than non-Muslims. A Muslim born in the UK and having spent there more than 50 years shows a comparable level of probability of having a strong religious identity than a non-Muslim just arrived in the country. Specifically, high levels of income as well as high on-the-job qualifications increase the Muslims&#8217; sense of identity. Economic integration and cultural integration apparently are not a spontaneous couple. There is also no evidence that segregated neighbourhoods breed intense religious and cultural identities for ethnic minorities. This result equally casts doubts on the foundations of the integration policies in Europe.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 21 Sep 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/muslim-immigrants-and-the-integration-conundrum/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/muslim-immigrants-and-the-integration-conundrum/</guid>
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<title>Migration is no One Way Street.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In a globalising labour market, migrants no longer make once and for all migratory decisions. Global workers return, move on, or become circular movers. In Germany, more than 60% of migrants from guest worker countries are indeed repeat migrants. The global circulation of the migrant labour force is often under exposed. The result of its dynamics can be a win-win-win for the migrant, the host country and the origin country.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 11 Sep 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-is-no-one-way-street/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/migration-is-no-one-way-street/</guid>
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<title>To protest is healthy</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The prohibition of a protest rally against political Islamism is the wrong decision for the wrong reason, argues Marc De Vos. We should not evolve into a culture where every contestation of absolute tolerance is labeled as absolute intolerance.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/to-protest-is-healthy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/to-protest-is-healthy/</guid>
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<title>The American Dream is still alive</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The USA remains an example of successful immigration policy. While American politics are in turmoil over limiting immigration, the figures for upward economic mobility of immigrants in the US remain striking. A country that absorbs more than one and a half million of immigrants per year is still able to provide economic integration and strong upward mobility between generations. However, the growing number of low skilled immigrants presents a challenge to upward mobility.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 01 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-american-dream-is-still-alive/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/the-american-dream-is-still-alive/</guid>
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<title>Inclusion on a labour market in permanent transition</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The modern transitional and dynamic labour market requires a policy that enables change for the employers while guaranteeing its success for workers and job seekers. Without change work becomes a dead-end street. On the other hand, change by itself is no guarantee for inclusion. The Netherlands are often seen as an example for transition without exclusion. However, the position of immigrants on the Dutch labour market is less successful, but not uniformly negative either.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jul 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/inclusion-on-a-labour-market-in-permanent-transition/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/inclusion-on-a-labour-market-in-permanent-transition/</guid>
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<title>Is the brain drain driven by female ambition?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Female migration to OECD countries has been increasing significantly in recent decades. A more surprising result is that this is also true for the highly skilled. This actually means that women are over represented, given their relative under representation in tertiary education in many less developed countries. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jul 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/is-the-brain-drain-driven-by-female-ambition/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/is-the-brain-drain-driven-by-female-ambition/</guid>
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<title>Immigration's Economic Impact</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Economic immigration can be a win-win game for the immigrant and the economy of the host country. But is an inflow of low-wage labour bad for the income of the native population? Controversial and contradictory data abound on this issue. For the U.S., the presidential Council of Economic Advisers now offers a positive verdict. In general immigrants are not competitors; rather they promote the development and income of the indigenous labour force.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 20 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrations-economic-impact/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/immigrations-economic-impact/</guid>
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<title>Are there perverse asocial effects to ethnic diversity?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Immigration and growing ethnic diversity are facts of life that force many countries to adopting deliberate integration policies. A thought-provoking empirical study for the USA shows how ethnic diversity generates noticeable short term asocial effects within the local community. Trust is lower, altruism and community cooperation rarer, friends fewer. In the long run, however, the famous American melting pot has so far succeeded in overcoming fragmentation by creating new and more encompassing identities. Does Belgium have the short term problems without a long term solution?]]></description>
<pubDate>Sun, 17 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/are-there-perverse-asocial-effects-to-ethnic-diversity/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/are-there-perverse-asocial-effects-to-ethnic-diversity/</guid>
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<title>Earnings Prospects for People with Migration Background in Germany</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Are new nationals only half-nationals on the labour market? How the colour of your skin can determine earnings prospects on the labour market, irrespective of your nationality. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/earnings-prospects-people-with-migration-background-germany/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/earnings-prospects-people-with-migration-background-germany/</guid>
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<title>The Fiscal Cost of Low-Skill Immigrants to the U.S. Taxpayer</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Should we side for good immigration only? What is the cost of low-skill (legal and illegal) immigrant households? The authors of this Heritage Foundation Special Report argue that government should limit immigration to those who will be net fiscal contributors. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 May 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/fiscal-cost-low-skill-immigrants-to-the-us-taxpayer/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/fiscal-cost-low-skill-immigrants-to-the-us-taxpayer/</guid>
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<title>Getting Immigration Reform Right</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Can we organise and control the flows of immigration? Ray Marshall from the Economic Policy Institute analyses the consequences of the &#8220;Immigration Reform and Control Act&#8221; (IRCA) implemented in the United States in 1986. He offers potential solutions for a more efficient immigration policy. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Mar 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/getting-immigration-reform-right/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/getting-immigration-reform-right/</guid>
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<title>How Immigrants Affect California Employment and Wages</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Do immigrants hurt the labour market options of native workers and steel local jobs? The Public Policy Institute of California gives a clear negative answer after analysing the effect of the immigration inflow on the employment, population, and wages of U.S. natives in California between 1960 and 2004. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Feb 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-immigrants-affect-california-employment-wages/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/how-immigrants-affect-california-employment-wages/</guid>
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<title>A European Blue Card Proposal</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Is selective migration needed to salvage an ageing European Union? Bruegel research fellow Jakob von Weizs&#228;cker favours a selective migration policy and pleads for a European &#8220;blue card&#8221; analogous to the American &#8220;green card&#8221;. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jun 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-blue-card-proposal/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/library/_paper/european-blue-card-proposal/</guid>
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