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<title>Itinera Institute - Issues - Employment</title>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org</link>
<description>Itinera Institute - Issues - Employment</description>
<image>
<url>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/web/sources/img/logo_itinera.jpg</url>
<title>Itinera Institute - Issues - Employment</title>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org</link>
</image>
<copyright>Copyright 2008, Itinera Institute</copyright>
<language>en</language>
<pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<item>
<title>Privatization and changes in the wage structure</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With the financial crisis and the government’s subsequent increased role in the economy, the question whether to privatize firms or not is certainly as relevant now as it was under Thatcher. The first to be affected by those kinds of decisions are the workers of the considered firms. This IZA publication for example found that wage and wage growth distributions widened significantly after privatization. The central questions really remain however who the winners and the losers are and why?]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/privatization-and-changes-in-the-wage-structure/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/privatization-and-changes-in-the-wage-structure/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>State under pressure</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The evolution of the financial crisis and the attempts to end it announced the return of the State. This ideological shift should not impede us from detecting its challenges though: the State is put under a lot of pressure and our public service needs a global organizational modification.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 20 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/state-under-pressure/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/state-under-pressure/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Succeeding in reforming the state</title>
<description><![CDATA[ State reforms abroad teach us an important lesson: their success depends on the focus that is being put on the role and mission of a public service to achieve internal as well as external adhesion. But one should also give state reforms the necessary time and means to involve society as a whole.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/succeeding-in-reforming-the-state/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/succeeding-in-reforming-the-state/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Active labour market policy: synergies and trade-offs</title>
<description><![CDATA[ What benefits can be attained from an active labour market policy? Author Røed investigates and found that an active labour market policy is not only good for finding a job, but also for the quality of the job found. Choices still need to be made though: higher unemployment benefits, for example, increase the quality of the found job, but also the length of the period of unemployment. Activation measures boost the probability of finding a job quickly, but diminish its expected allowance.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/active-labour-market-policy-synergies-and-trade-offs/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/active-labour-market-policy-synergies-and-trade-offs/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Low education level and position on the labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ How can a low education level influence one’s working conditions and probability to keep a job? This report from the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions investigates how low-skilled workers position themselves on the labour market in the 27 EU member states. Not surprisingly, education and training has to be encouraged before and during one’s career, says the report. This way, we can stabilize the employment rate, improve social mobility and increase our economic competitivity.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/low-education-level-and-position-on-the-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/low-education-level-and-position-on-the-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The civil servant and the unemployed</title>
<description><![CDATA[ When jobs in the private sector are not competitive anymore, public employment is an easy option to make sure people have a job. This is the Scandinavian model. But a better solution is to subsidize employment, as service coupons in Belgium are successfully doing by creating 65.000 jobs.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-civil-servant-and-the-unemployed/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-civil-servant-and-the-unemployed/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The Global Gender Gap</title>
<description><![CDATA[ We hear a lot of talking on the wage disparities between men and women, about the low proportion of women in the higher political and economic realms, and about their growing access to education. But what is the actual situation today? This report from the World Economic Forum investigates gender inequalities in more than 115 countries, Belgium included.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-global-gender-gap/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-global-gender-gap/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The necessity of a bailout should not become a habit</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos warns that the bailout in the financial sector was necessary to avoid a systemic crisis. This is not the case in for the car industry. If we turn the necessity to a bailout into a habit we will sow the seeds of our own economic demise.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-necessity-of-a-bailout-should-not-become-a-habit/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-necessity-of-a-bailout-should-not-become-a-habit/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Effect of tax reduction on job vacancy and unemployment</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The unemployment rate in Belgium remains relatively high with respect to other European countries. However, some job vacancies are still open. This nota realized by the KUL analyses the possibility of reducing fiscal pressure in order to solve these two issues. It also makes a comparison between Belgium and Denmark by examining the influence some factors like education and transfers may have on the unemployment rate.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 10 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/effect-of-tax-reduction-on-job-vacancy-and-unemployment/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/effect-of-tax-reduction-on-job-vacancy-and-unemployment/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>A new dismissal regulation is necessary</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos reacts against the demand of the employers’ organisation to limit the redundancy period for blue collar workers. We need a new dismissal regulation that promotes employability and where the redundancy period is only one pillar. Not higher or lower, but different, that is the message.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/a-new-dismissal-regulation-is-necessary/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/a-new-dismissal-regulation-is-necessary/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>In-work poverty is weak in Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This paper regards the incidence of in-work poverty and how it is reduced by the payment of social transfers in 20 European countries. Belgium appears as the country with the lowest pre-transfer in-work poverty and is ranked third regarding post-transfer in-work poverty. The paper attributes this to a high level of bargaining centralisation and to generous social benefits.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/in-work-poverty-is-weak-in-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/in-work-poverty-is-weak-in-belgium/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The wage disparities progress</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to this report from the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the financial globalisation contributes to increasing the wage disparities. It argues that income disparities have increased, notably under the influence of "performance based payment systems”. Without surprise, Belgium shows wage gaps among the lowest in comparison with other advanced economies. Between 1990 and 2000, it is however the country which shows the strongest progress of the disparities, with Finland and Sweden. To be closely watched.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 03 Nov 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-wage-disparities-progress/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-wage-disparities-progress/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Marx, Darwin or Marx..?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With the financial crisis, capitalism is under attack and in need of solutions. Johan Albrecht wonders whether Marx or Darwin could help.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/marx-darwin-or-marx/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/marx-darwin-or-marx/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Working against moonlighting</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This report from, the result of a collaboration between Liège University and Leuven University, tries to sketch a picture of the size and evolution of moonlighting in Belgium. According to the authors, clear political will and the unambiguous support of the trade unions and the employers’ federations are needed to fight moonlighting. We would have a better understanding of this hidden reality and we’d observe a more efficient control – with all the positive budgetary consequences that this implies.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 17 Oct 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/working-against-moonlighting/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/working-against-moonlighting/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Labour in the future</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Labour and ideas about labour have changed a lot over time. In times of important demographic change, labour is given an even more important place in the societal debate and one’s individual life path. This report from the Netwerk Toekomstverkenningen painted four possible scenarios of how labour could evolve in the future, each with its own array of opportunities and problems. The key question is whether we’ll have to work to live, or live to work? It will probably be something in between but it will most certainly be different.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/labour-in-the-future/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/labour-in-the-future/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Main street after the meltdown</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The financial crisis in bringing havoc but the real economy can sustain as long as competitiveness remains pivotal for policymakers.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/main-street-after-the-meltdown/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/main-street-after-the-meltdown/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The labour market can benefit from a greener economy</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the green growth is promising for the labour market: 2 to 3,5 millions jobs could for example be created in Europe and in the United States if big energy efficiency construction sites were launched in the construction sector. This is what comes out of this report which estimates, at the horizon 2030, the job creation potential from a shift towards a less polluting economy. ILO agrees however that the evolution towards a green economy may encounter financing and manpower problems in several developed countries.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 06 Oct 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-labour-market-can-benefit-from-a-greener-economy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-labour-market-can-benefit-from-a-greener-economy/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Break the Belgian Paradox</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos explains that small countries are typically homogeneous and flexible, while Belgium is heterogeneous and rigid precisely because it is small. This Belgian paradox needs to be broken to avoid the current institutional crisis from degenerating into years of political instability. An institutional catharsis is needed to secure the social and economic future.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/break-the-belgian-paradox/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/break-the-belgian-paradox/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Credit for knowledge</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The last couple of years we have lived with the illusion that wealth is only a matter of numbers by selling homes to an ever higher price. Yet, we knew wealth is not generated by making one bigger bet after the other, but by technological progress.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/credit-for-knowledge/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/credit-for-knowledge/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Slender, obese or unconstrained? An analysis of public employment in Belgium between 2001 and 2007</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Public employment did grow by 11.75% in Belgium while the growth of total employment was 6.1%. In Flanders, public employment is bigger than inFlanders How sustainable is this evolution?']]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/slender-obese-or-unconstrained-an-analysi-of-public-employment-in-belgium-between-2001-and-2007/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/slender-obese-or-unconstrained-an-analysi-of-public-employment-in-belgium-between-2001-and-2007/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Entrepreneurship as a source of wealth</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Some entrepreneurs chose for the profession out of necessity while others made a deliberate choice in order to grasp a business opportunity. For the first group, push factors like the small amount of job opportunities triggered by a high unemployment were a sufficient motivation. This can probably explain why Flanders’ part of self employed is higher than in Wallonia compared to total population, but not compared to the working population. The employment rate is just lower in the south of the country.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/entrepreneurship-as-a-source-of-wealth/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/entrepreneurship-as-a-source-of-wealth/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>How do outsourcing and taxation affect employment and welfare?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This Iza paper analyses how international outsourcing and labour taxation affect wage formation, employment and welfare. It shows that higher productivity and lower outsourcing costs increase wage dispersion between skilled and unskilled workers. Increasing wage tax progression increases the labour demand for unskilled workers, but decreases their welfare. On the contrary, it increases the welfare of skilled workers and the profit of firms. These results suggest that there may be a trade-off between employment and welfare for the unskilled workers. Reducing personal income tax rates for low-income workers, on the other hand, could positively affect both.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/how-do-outsourcing-and-taxation-affect-employment-and-welfare/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/how-do-outsourcing-and-taxation-affect-employment-and-welfare/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Temporary agency work as a transition for a more efficient labour market? Reflection.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Following the lecture of Jan Denys, Randstad, of the 17th of September, Fons Leroy, VDAB, answers.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 22 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/temporary-agency-work-as-a-transition-for-a-more-efficient-labour-market-reflection/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/temporary-agency-work-as-a-transition-for-a-more-efficient-labour-market-reflection/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Temporary Agency Work as a Transition for a more efficient Labour Market?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Temporary agency work has known an important expansion during the last 40 years.  Today, 3,3 million agency workers are employed on a daily basis in the European Union. In 2012 they will be 5 million. The penetration rate is the most common indicator to measure the impact of agency work on the labour market.  This indicator compares the share of agency workers with the total number of employed people. Belgium has a penetration rate of 2,5%.  In this contribution we want to measure the impact of agency work in another way.  We apply the concept of the transitional labour market, developed by the German sociologist Gunther Schmidt. The transitional labour market model focuses on the transitions between school and education, work, unemployment, inactivity (household activities) and retirement.  A smooth transition between these different activities is an important feature of a well-functioning labour market. We will examine the the role of agency work in these different transitions. Traditionally, agency work is considered as important in the transition from school to work and from inactivity to work. Our analysis of the Belgian situation shows that agency work is crucial in the transition from work to work as well.  In this contribution we try to benchmark Belgium on an international basis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/temporary-agency-work-as-a-transition-for-a-more-efficient-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/temporary-agency-work-as-a-transition-for-a-more-efficient-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Migration policy: Belgium is lagging behind, but progresses</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This OECD report provides a broad update of migration policies and contains notably a “scoreboard” of immigrant employment integration. Belgium appears in the very bottom league regarding the gap between foreign-born and the native-born: It is ranked last but one, just before Poland. The immigrant employment rate in our country appears among the lowest in the OECD area, while foreign-born unemployment rate appears among the highest. In 2006, only one immigrant in two was employed. The outcome improves when the education profile is taken into account (57%), but not enough to change Belgium’s position. Despite these bad performances, one can however note that Belgium has made considerable progress since 2001, especially in the case of immigrant women.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 12 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/migration-policy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/migration-policy/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The Danish Employment Miracle</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Flexible hiring and firing rules, generous unemployment insurance and an active monitoring and assistance of the unemployed; those are the main elements of the Danish Flexicurity model that several Belgian politicians cite as a solution for our high unemployment rate. Many researchers stress the importance of the activation policy towards the unemployed. Others on the contrary, can not find a direct positive effect of specific assistance programs on employment. This paper builds a bridge between both views by showing that the motivation of the unemployed to find a job, ultimately comes from the threat to have to attend such an assistance program. 
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 05 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-danish-employment-miracle/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-danish-employment-miracle/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Employment assimilation of immigrants in the Netherlands: Catching up and the irrelevance of education</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This Iza study examines employment assimilation of immigrants in The Netherland. The authors observe marked differences between immigrants by source country: Predictably, non-western immigrants never reach parity with native Dutch, but even the second generation immigrants never fully catch-up. On the contrary, the western, immigrants seem to face no considerable difficulties in the Dutch labour market. The most striking result is however that education is irrelevant for socio-economic position of immigrants once the country of origin has been controlled for, suggesting that immigrants are still subject to discrimination.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/employment-assimilation-of-immigrants-in-the-netherlands-catching-up-and-the-irrelevance-of-education/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/employment-assimilation-of-immigrants-in-the-netherlands-catching-up-and-the-irrelevance-of-education/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Health Policy makes a difference on the labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Children from disadvantaged families lag behind their classmates in terms of general development. This decreases their chances of finding a decent job and may cause a vicious cycle to emerge. The traditional focus for narrowing this gap is on better schooling and closer monitoring. This paper on the other hand, shows that health policy can also be a powerful lever. Health problems occur more frequently with children from poorer families and have, when they arise, a more negative impact on the development of the child. 
One relevant policy issue surfaces in the mean time: in frameworks such as the valuable Marshall plan for Wallonia, it is probably better to foresee, in addition to fiscal and more general economic measures, a chapter on the health problems of disadvantaged children.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 01 Sep 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/health-policy-makes-a-difference-on-the-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/health-policy-makes-a-difference-on-the-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Europe vs. America</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Many of the recent economic problems have their origin in the United States: this does not mean, however, that unemployment and inflation will hit harder there. Most likely, it will be the other way around.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 26 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/europe-vs-america/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/europe-vs-america/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>German reforms pay off</title>
<description><![CDATA[ A recent OECD study found that only Italy and Turkey do worse than Belgium regarding the participation of elder employees on the labour market. So, if Belgium wants to control the costs of the ageing population, activating these employees will be one of the most important challenges. We can learn something from our German neighbours in this respect, as Germany has succeeded in raising the participation of elder employees with 15% in seven years (up to 52%). On top of that, German unemployment fell with 1.2 million between 2005 and 2007. The authors of this paper conclude that these excellent results stem from reforms that made the labour market more flexible – and not solely from the upswing of the economy in the recent years – and point to a number of good practices. A must read for Belgian policy makers in other words.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/german-reforms-pay-off/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/german-reforms-pay-off/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Immigrants do not squeeze natives out of labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ As much as we used to think that squeezing out the older workers out of the labour market (lump of labour fallacy) would translate in to jobs for young people, believing immigrants on the labour market have the same effect on native employment is naïve. This is what follows from this NBER paper by Ottaviano and Peri who pone that immigrants and native jobs can be complementary which means the natives’ wages could go up thanks to immigration.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/immigrants-do-not-squeeze-natives-out-of-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/immigrants-do-not-squeeze-natives-out-of-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>A common framework for blue collar and white collar workers implies new labour market policies</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos calls for a common legal framework but stresses that it involves fundamental questions for better labour market performance. The impasse on the common framework hides a deficit of vision on labour market policy.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 20 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/a-common-framework-for-blue-collar-and-white-collar-workers-implies-new-labour-market-policies/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/a-common-framework-for-blue-collar-and-white-collar-workers-implies-new-labour-market-policies/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Why do Europeans work part-time?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This paper of the ECB analyses the relative contribution of the business cycle and structural factors to the development of part-time employment in the EU. It comes out that, in the short-run, the business cycle affects negatively the development of part-time employment. In the long run, however, institutions and other structural factors are found to be the key drivers of the rate of part-time employment. In Belgium for instance, the relaxation of the legislation on part-time jobs had a positive effect on recent part-time employment development. Despite some drawbacks, part-time work may increase the labour choices open to individuals and may allow employers to adjust hours worked to cyclical conditions more easily. In the ageing context, it may also allow senior workers to opt for a smooth retirement and positively affect their employment rates.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 12 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/why-do-europeans-work-part-time/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/why-do-europeans-work-part-time/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Dismissal regulations dampen productivity</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Financing the growing non active population assumes a rise in the productivity of the active population. This IZA paper shows that mandatory dismissal regulations can have a negative impact on productivity. The main reasons behind this result are the higher dismissal costs and reduced worker effort. Making it easier for the employer to hire temporary workers, on the other hand, enhances productivity. Hence, this paper provides grounds to re-evaluate the future of our dismissal regulation and suggests to think more along the lines of securing lifelong working than a particular lifelong job.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 04 Aug 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/dismissal-regulations-dampen-productivity/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/dismissal-regulations-dampen-productivity/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Should public authorities subsidise external beauty?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Figures that have recently been published by the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre show that health insurance spending for plastic surgery has more than doubled in only 11 years. This example serves to introduce a debate on the desirability of health expenses in general.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 28 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/should-public-authorities-subsidise-external-beauty/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/should-public-authorities-subsidise-external-beauty/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Employment risks and opportunities for an ageing workforce</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This WZB article provides a detailed analysis of the employment situation of older workers (55-64 years) in the EU member states. Highlighting country differences, the authors draw the conclusions that this labour market challenge can be characterised to a large extent as a gender problem, that labour market policy for an ageing workforce must start much earlier than just with older people and that their employment situation can to a great extent be sought in the general economic parameters and especially in the degree of employment growth in the service sector. With a senior employment rate of 34,4%, Belgium is in the bottom league by European standards and needs to react quickly to strive towards the Stockholm targets of 50% by 2010.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/employment-risks-and-opportunities-for-an-ageing-workforce/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/employment-risks-and-opportunities-for-an-ageing-workforce/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The silver lining</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos hopes that the ongoing political troubles in Belgium will lead to a workable state and efficient government. He points out that the Flemish consensus for more devolution hides great differences on policy views. Policy reform, not devolution per se, is the only silver lining of the current institutional crisis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 24 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-silver-lining/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-silver-lining/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>To &#8220;flexirationalise&#8221; the public sector</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The age average in the public sector is generally higher than in the private one. So, according to this OECD report, to attract and to retain capacities in the public service could indeed represent a severe challenge in the years to come. To increase its attractiveness, the report favours the flexibility in employment rather than the increase of the public pensions that it considers as an expensive and insufficiently targeted approach. If Belgium still has progress to make in comparison with it’s neighbours, it should neither lose sight that the retirement of numerous civil servants also represents a tremendous opportunity to rationalize public employment.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/to-flexirationalise-the-public-sector/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/to-flexirationalise-the-public-sector/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The determinants of a high employment rate.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This paper compares labor market policies, institutions and outcomes for the EU member states, for the period 2000-2005. It focuses on indicators of generosity (expenditures relative to GDP) and relates these and other policy indicators to indicators of labor market outcome and performance. The results show that, on a cross-country basis, higher rates of employment are in general associated with higher expenditures on labor market policies, a lower degree of rigidity in labor market institutions and in product market regulation. With one of the lowest employment rate in the EU-15, Belgium should definitely act. It performs quite well regarding labor market policies, but there is considerable room for improvement regarding labour market flexibility and product market regulation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-determinants-of-a-high-employment-rate/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-determinants-of-a-high-employment-rate/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Specific-training worse than general training for the senior employment rate</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Many studies have shown that employees with firm-specific skills are more likely to be covered by employer-sponsored pension schemes than workers with general skills. Following this, this IZA paper tests the effect of trainings on retirement, and finds that workers who participated in firm-specific training in their early careers retire earlier than workers with a general training background. This indicates that shared investments in firm-specific training are embedded in implicit contracts that induce early retirement and suggests that training participation should be encouraged at a broader level than at the firm one.   
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jul 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/specific-training-worse-than-general-training-for-the-senior-employment-rate/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/specific-training-worse-than-general-training-for-the-senior-employment-rate/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>How to combine intensification of the work and population ageing?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In industrialised nations, the current trend is an intensification of the work, by accumulation of diverse temporal constraints. At the same time, the population is ageing and the age structure of the working population is changing. This article of the “centre d’étude de l’emploi” underlines the challenge that the combination of these two tendencies represents. The authors approach the fact that the senior workers are less resistant to temporal pressure at work. They insist on the necessity of guaranteeing to seniors a suited working environment if one wants to promote longer professional careers.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 27 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/how-to-combine-intensification-of-the-work-and-population-ageing/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/how-to-combine-intensification-of-the-work-and-population-ageing/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>It&#8217;s the economy, stupid!</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos sees insufficient economic growth as the root cause of the problems of purchasing power and low pensions. He notices a new Belgian paradox of insufficient means for our needs and too much expenditure for our capacity. Real policy reform is indispensable to stop further relative decline.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/its-the-economy-stupid/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/its-the-economy-stupid/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>More satisfied workers, but only in the North</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This study led by ZebraZone brings to light that the global satisfaction of the Belgian workers increased last year. Among the explanatory factors, it notably cites a bigger confidence of the workers in the organisation, more autonomy, better interpersonal contacts and a reduction of the stress. It underlines however that the increase of satisfaction is only noticed in Flanders, where it is significantly higher than in the two other regions of the country. The authors invite companies to invest first and foremost in a better policy of change, in career’s opportunities and working conditions.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 20 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/more-satisfied-workers-but-only-in-the-north/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/more-satisfied-workers-but-only-in-the-north/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Red, orange and green lights for end-of-career policies</title>
<description><![CDATA[ According to the 2001 Stockholm objectives, 50% of the 55- to 64-year olds should be working by 2010. To monitor in- and output incentives, a performance measurement system is required, a scorecard for example, pretty much as this WSE Steunpunt publication. The authors notice very little structural progress, and with a mere 31% of the 55- to 64-year olds working in Belgium, more drastic measures are becoming inevitable. A lot of work needs to be done.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 16 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/red-orange-and-green-lights-for-end-of-career-policies/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/red-orange-and-green-lights-for-end-of-career-policies/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Age and the labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos sketches the impact of ageing on the labour market and shows how the lamentable position of older workers on the Belgian labour market is untenable. He argues for a new paradigm and for a mobilisation that breaks open the Generation Pact for a “New Deal” on age and the labour market.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/age-and-the-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/age-and-the-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Equality is a political choice</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Inequality is significantly related to fiscal and socio-economic choices. Europe is less unequal than the US because of the European social model with minimum wages, stronger unionisation and central wage mechanisms.  The intra-European variation is attributed to the different degree of redistributive policies. A mixture of policies can reduce inequality: redistributive taxation, a “flexicure” labour market, easier access to education, public housing and health services and a more inclusive immigration policy.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/equality-is-a-political-choice/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/equality-is-a-political-choice/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Can the social dialogue save the social policy?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos launches an appeal to the social partners to take up their responsibility, in the face of an impotent government, for a broad mobilisation on the Belgian labour market.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 27 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/can-the-social-dialogue-save-the-social-policy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/can-the-social-dialogue-save-the-social-policy/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>More technology for less unemployment</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This European University Institute working paper challenges the conventional wisdom and states that technology deficit is more responsible for high unemployment than are labor institutions. The authors argue that the pace of technology adoption plays a fundamental role for how an economy’s labor market reacts to an acceleration in capital-embodied growth. This is good news for Belgium. It may suggest that in the fight against unemployment, creating conditions that prevent the emergence of a technology deficit should receive at least as much attention as labour market reform.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/more-technology-for-less-unemployment/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/more-technology-for-less-unemployment/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The unbearable lightness of Belgium&#8217;s strike laws</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos deplores the impasse in the Belgian debate about strikes and argues that it leads to growing litigation. He pleads for a new societal consensus on the limits of an otherwise fundamental right to strike.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-unbearable-lightness-of-belgiums-strike-laws/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-unbearable-lightness-of-belgiums-strike-laws/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does wage fixation in Belgium increase unemployment rates in period of bad conjuncture?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ When times are difficult, companies often maintain labour costs under control. This study of the national bank indicates that, more often than not, this takes place through a decrease in hirings and an increase in dismissals. Wage fixation by the collective work agreements and automatic indexations indeed leave little space for wage cuts. Wage rigidity influences negatively work possibilities for job seekers.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 13 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/does-wage-fixation-in-belgium-increase-unemployment-rates-in-period-of-bad-conjuncture/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/does-wage-fixation-in-belgium-increase-unemployment-rates-in-period-of-bad-conjuncture/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Belgium benefits from its neighbour's Labor Market Reforms, but insufficiently</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This paper of the IMF reveals that German Labor market reforms have strong positive effects on the domestic economy, and positive spillover effect on the rest of the Euro area through trade and financial market linkages. In light of these results, the authors are of opinion that one can expect labor market reforms to have gradual expansionary effects on the national economy. Belgium benefits from labor market reforms implemented abroad, but it can definitely benefit more by implementing its own reforms. 
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/o/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/o/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Work Collective Agreements: To decentralise rather than to regionalise?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ This study of the Dulbea brings to light that it is essentially the possibility to fix salaries at the company level and the subdivision of joint commissions (JC) in sub-JC or in regional joint sections which allow at present the adaptation of salaries to the regional difference in productivity. According to the authors, larger use of those two mechanisms could represent an appealing alternative to the regionalisation of wage negotiations: they would, on one hand, allow the avoidance of increasing administrative complexity in the joint commissions where a more important wage differentiation is not necessary. On the other hand, they would not only allow for taking into account productivity differences between regions, but also between provinces, labour pools and companies.  
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/work-collective-agreements-to-decentralise-rather-than-to-regionalise/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/work-collective-agreements-to-decentralise-rather-than-to-regionalise/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Years of service do not protect low-wage workers</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Instead of raising retirement age, tying retirement benefit eligibility to years of services has often been offered as a solution to population ageing, since it would better protect lower-wage workers who start their careers relatively early and work more years prior to retirement than higher wage workers. However, according to this paper of the Urban Institute, men and woman with the least education (and thus often the lowest salary) also work the least, since early start is offset by higher disability rates and greater employment volatility. For the authors, years of service are consequently not likely to provide an effective way to protect the lowest-wage workers. This suggests the prominent need to increase the employability of low-educated workforce.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 May 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/years-of-service-do-not-protect-low-wage-workers/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/years-of-service-do-not-protect-low-wage-workers/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Creative with bottlenecks on the labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The Belgian activity ratio has to go up – no doubt about it. An important part of the solution is to solve the bottleneck vacancies. Based on different cases, first on micro level, then on macro level, innovative interventions are being suggested. The diversity of bottlenecks on the labour market – for the poorly educated, the technicians and the highly educated – demands as many strategies in order to solve this asap. In the light of the ageing problem, structural programs are being advanced too. Demand-oriented labour mediation, coordination and the right incentives are the key elements of the solution.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/creative-with-bottlenecks-on-the-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/creative-with-bottlenecks-on-the-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does citizenship matter? The economic impact of naturalisations in Germany</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Several reasons could explain why citizenship affects the labour market performance of immigrants. First, productivity could increase thanks to unrestricted market access, second a reduction of the administrative burden that could increase labour opportunities and thirdly it could enhance the employer’s willingness to invest in human capital. This study, shows an immediate positive naturalization effect on wages and on wage growth. But, as often, differences between immigrants seem to play a considerable role as well. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/does-citizenship-matter-the-economic-impact-of-naturalisations-in-germany/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/does-citizenship-matter-the-economic-impact-of-naturalisations-in-germany/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Does employment protection help immigrants? </title>
<description><![CDATA[ Severe employment protection legislation (EPL) creates an information gap between native and immigrant workers. Because of sociological barriers – language, experience in the labour market, union membership etc. – the latter are less aware of their rights, and the duties of the employers. This information asymmetry creates a hiring asymmetry in favour of the immigrant worker: the fewer the worker is informed the lower the hiring cost, thus creating a comparative advantage that will benefit to the immigrant worker.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/does-employment-protection-help-immigrants/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/does-employment-protection-help-immigrants/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Vaccination against indexation fever</title>
<description><![CDATA[ For Marc De Vos, 2008 is a pivotal year for the Belgian wage norm, rather than for the Belgian system of wage indexation. He pleads for remedies that combine the protection of both competitiveness and purchasing power.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/vaccination-against-indexation-fever/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/vaccination-against-indexation-fever/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Are all labour regulations equal?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Using India as its research pool, this study analyzes the effects of increases in employment protection and labour dispute regulation. Both are shown to substantially reduce employment and output. These laws do no seem to benefit workers either, as they do not increase the share of value added that goes to labour. Labour-intensive industries are the hardest hit by amendments that increase employment protection while capital-intensive industries are the most affected by laws that increase the cost of labour dispute resolution. These adverse effects are not alleviated by the widespread and increasing use of contract labour. A useful reminder to those who cast doubts on the trade-offs between employment and employment regulation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/are-all-labour-regulations-equal/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/are-all-labour-regulations-equal/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>International outsourcing does not reduce employment</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In the public debate, international outsourcing is mainly associated with employment losses. However, this paper on Germany shows that international outsourcing has, if anything, a positive effect on employment. Contrary to popular belief, there is barely any overall impact in the manufacturing sector, while job stability in the services sector is profiting from the productivity gains of outsourcing. This strengthens the conviction that outsourcing can induce employment growth by increasing the competitiveness and the productivity of firms.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/international-outsourcing-does-not-reduce-employment/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/international-outsourcing-does-not-reduce-employment/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Less coordination in wage bargaining may reduce regional unemployment differential</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Empirical evidence in this paper of the IMF confirms that countries with more coordinated wage bargaining systems have lower regional wage differentials and higher regional unemployment differentials. Belgium is ranked second in the EU-15 with regard to the importance of regional unemployment disparities, and second regarding the level of coordination of wage bargaining. The results presented in this study suggest that less coordination in wage bargaining may significantly reduce the huge regional unemployment differentials faced by the country.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/less-coordination-in-wage-bargaining-may-reduce-regional-unemployment-differential/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/less-coordination-in-wage-bargaining-may-reduce-regional-unemployment-differential/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Unemployment insurance is also a labour market policy</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos supports the systematic combination of unemployment benefits and activation measures. He underscores that activation is a social policy for the weaker participants of the labour market. While the combination of federal and regional competences appears inevitable, he warns that regional mobility should benefit rather than suffer from further devolution.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/unemployment-insurance-is-also-a-labour-market-policy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/unemployment-insurance-is-also-a-labour-market-policy/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Young generation of Dutch women still prefer part time work notwithstanding increased labour market opportunities.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The Dutch model for combining labour and care is internationally unique with a high participation of women and a high share of part-time employment. The authors of this CPB study find that policies such as lower taxes for partners or better childcare arrangements did not lead to more hours worked. They conclude from this finding that the Dutch model of part-time employment is the result of (societal) preferences rather than of institutional barriers. The survey offers an alternative pitch about labour market differences between men and women.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 01 Apr 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/young-generation-of-dutch-women-still-prefer-part-time-work-notwithstanding-increased-labour-market-opportunities/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/young-generation-of-dutch-women-still-prefer-part-time-work-notwithstanding-increased-labour-market-opportunities/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>From words to action</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos welcomes the Solidarity Pact which the regional and federal employer organisations have collectively proposed. He supports the basic goal of more growth and more jobs for better solidarity. But missing are the concrete steps that employers and their organisations themselves are able and willing to take to realize this goal.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 18 Mar 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/from-words-to-action/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/from-words-to-action/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>How open economies absorb large immigration flows</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Several decades of research have shown that the effects of immigration flows on wages are surprisingly small. This IZA paper explores alternative channels by which open economies absorb immigration flows. Unprecedented massive immigration into Spanish regions in the period 2001-2006 led to a large expansion of employment in high immigration regions. The main absorption channel has been within-industry changes in the skill composition of sectoral employment (the typical industry in a high-immigration region has increased the share of low educated workers in its workforce, relative to the same industry in a low-immigration region). The authors conclude that, overall, Spanish regions have absorbed immigration flows in the same way as US local economies. With its small and open economy also Belgium could benefit from more immigration.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 18 Mar 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/how-open-economies-absorb-large-immigration-flows/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/how-open-economies-absorb-large-immigration-flows/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Can unemployment insurance stimulate economic transition?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Unemployment insurance can have pernicious effects on employment since it finances inactivity. However, it can also facilitate economic transition by diminishing its cost for the workers. This study presents some empirical findings illustrating the latter. What remains is the need to design unemployment insurance designed in such way that activity is encouraged as much as possible. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 10 Mar 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/can-unemployment-insurance-stimulate-economic-transition/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/can-unemployment-insurance-stimulate-economic-transition/</guid>
<enclosure url="http://www.itinerainstitute.org/upl/1/default/doc/Unemployment%20&amp;%20structural%20changes.pdf" length="454033" type="application/pdf" />
</item>
<item>
<title>Pension Reform, retirement and life-cycle unemployment</title>
<description><![CDATA[ It is now widely accepted that in the absence of reform, pension spending will grow to unprecedented levels. This paper investigates the measures that preserve labor market incentives and studies the potential economic impacts of the measures recently implemented in Austria. In the long-run, these latter will produce a significant GDP gain, they might postpone the average age of retirement by almost one year, boost labor market participation of older workers and offer significant aggregate welfare gains. There is inspiration to be taken for Belgium…    ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/pension-reform-retirement-and-life-cycle-unemployment/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/pension-reform-retirement-and-life-cycle-unemployment/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Early retirement does not create jobs for younger workers</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The assumption that early retirement provides additional job opportunities for younger workers has been at the core of the Belgian labour market policy for decades. In this IMF paper, four economists of the University of Liège give the death blow to this “lump-of-labour” idea. On the macro level of the labour market they indicate a negligible link between elderly retirement and activity among the young and prime-age populations. The nature of youth unemployment in Belgium is rather the result of structural weaknesses in the areas of education, unemployment compensation and wage formation. A limitation of their research is the lack of attention for large regional differences and their causes.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/early-retirement-does-not-create-jobs-for-younger-workers/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/early-retirement-does-not-create-jobs-for-younger-workers/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Gender gaps in the European labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Women are continuing to drive employment growth in Europe, but remain disadvantaged on the labour market in relation to men, says a report adopted by the European Commission.  More than half of the new jobs created in the EU since 2000 have been taken by women, yet several aspects of the quality of women’s work remain problematic. The report does not examine the causes of gender segregation (discrimination or different choices?), which is unfortunate as equality is not about outcomes but about opportunities.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/gender-gaps-in-the-european-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/gender-gaps-in-the-european-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Immigrant workers and temporary work: a front united?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos reflects on the recent improvement of the jobless rate for young immigrants in Flanders and connects it to the proposal to restrict the duration of temporary work. He defends temporary work limitations but warns that less temporary work also means less work opportunities for the weakest groups as long as the regular labour market stays rigid.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 07 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/immigrant-workers-and-temporary-work-a-front-united/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/immigrant-workers-and-temporary-work-a-front-united/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Flexibility: also in a strongly regulated labour market?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In order to promote prosperity and employment, labour markets must adapt to the dynamics of the economy. This study shows that strongly regulated labour markets such as the Belgian labour market can acquire the necessary flexibility by allowing it at the margin in atypical forms of employment. However, the aggregate result will obviously differ from countries with fully dynamic labour markets.  Flexibility at the margin leads to a dual labour market, diminishes productivity, slows down career development and marginalises the weak of the society.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 01 Feb 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/flexibility-also-in-a-strongly-regulated-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/flexibility-also-in-a-strongly-regulated-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The Future of the Belgian Welfare State: Pensions and Health Care</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The Belgian social security system is more and more submitted to budgetary constraints. At a conference on the future of the welfare state, Marc De Vos offers reflections and perspectives on the past, present, and evolution of pensions and healthcare in Belgium. Change to improve is for him the motto of the future.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-future-of-the-belgian-welfare-state-pensions-and-health-care/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-future-of-the-belgian-welfare-state-pensions-and-health-care/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The International Monetary Fund rings the alarm bell for Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In its yearly report on Belgium the International Monetary Fund (IMF) urges policymakers to take serious budgetary and socio-economic measures. With a slowing economy and lack of budgetary margin Belgium needs restrictions on government expenditures as well as structural reforms. The IMF recommends making sure that health care costs do not grow more rapidly than the economy, continuing wage moderation efforts in spite of a rising cost of life, eliminating certain subsidies, reforming unemployment insurance with time limitations on unemployment benefits and making collective wage bargaining more flexible.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-international-monetary-fund-rings-the-alarm-bell-for-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-international-monetary-fund-rings-the-alarm-bell-for-belgium/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The International Monetary Fund sounds a wake-up call for Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos gives perspectives on the recent report from the International Monetary Fund on Belgium. He concludes that the institutional crisis is blocking structural socioeconomic reforms that are both urgent and necessary.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-international-monetary-fund-sounds-wake-up-call-for-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-international-monetary-fund-sounds-wake-up-call-for-belgium/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The Belgian economy in 2008: growth in slow motion and inflation</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Is the Belgian economy declining? According to the Belgian Federal Planning Bureau the Belgian growth will only reach 1.9% in 2008 against 2.7% in 2007. Inflation will also rise by more than 1%. Even if the Planning Bureau finds that the number of unemployed will decline, there are still severe problems on the Belgian labor market. Regional differences of unemployment rate are rising. Reforms are necessary if Belgium wants to improve this situation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 18 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/2008-growth-in-slow-motion-and-inflation/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/2008-growth-in-slow-motion-and-inflation/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>France modernises labour market</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With the publication of an agreement on the modernisation of the labour market in mid-January 2008, France is on the reform path. Already approved by three labour unions as well as by the employers’ association, the agreement includes an easing of the probation period, a more flexible employment protection legislation and the creation of a new and flexible employment contract for executives. The French example can inspire Belgium also to opt for reform.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/france-modernises-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/france-modernises-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Combining working and living: a necessary challenge</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The European Union needs to increase employment rates to ensure continued economic growth and promote social inclusion. To do so, however, it needs to make it easier for people to reconcile work and family life to facilitate labour market entry. This Eurofound paper addresses this dilemma. The authors find that resolving conflicting demands of paid employment and domestic responsibilities is especially difficult for disadvantaged groups such as lone parents and women. They argue that working time flexibility is key to facilitate employees’ work-life balance. As the European population ages, also childcare and elderly care have an important contribution to make.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/combining-working-and-living-a-necessary-challenge/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/combining-working-and-living-a-necessary-challenge/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Globalisation has only limited impact on wages in advanced economies</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The declining share of income accruing to labour in advanced economies is often portrayed as an unwelcome side effect from international competition through globalisation. This IMF Working Paper however explains that globalisation is only one of several factors that have affected the declining labour income share. Rapid technological change has had a bigger impact, especially on the wages of unskilled workers. To maximize the benefits from labour globalisation and technological change while also addressing the distributional impact, policies should seek to improve the functioning of labour markets, strengthen access to education and training and ensure adequate social safety nets that cushion the impact on those adversely affected.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/globalisation-has-only-limited-impact-on-wages-in-advanced-economies/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/globalisation-has-only-limited-impact-on-wages-in-advanced-economies/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Ageing is not a fatality</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In our country ageing is seen as a threat for our pensions and health system. According to the Institut Montaigne ageing is not a fatality. Another approach more offensive is possible. As far as this is concerned, Japan might be a good example. Following the Japanese example, Montaigne gives 8 concrete propositions in order to transform ageing into a potential source of growth. Among others, Montaigne proposes to develop a more dynamic labour market for young seniors by abolishing the age limit and all the early retirement mechanisms. According to the authors the healthcare system must also change. A possible solution is to act in favor of cheaper solutions such as home care.  
Transforming ageing into an opportunity is necessary in order to face tomorrow’s challenges.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 09 Jan 2008 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/ageing-is-not-a-fatality/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/ageing-is-not-a-fatality/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Unemployed despite increasing shortage</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Slowly but surely, the combination of ungreening and ageing transforms the labour market. What does increasing shortage on the labour market imply for the evolution of unemployment? Without ambitious reforms unemployment in the future is rather threatened. As long as labour does not pay off, the low-skilled remain outsiders. But also the high-skilled can suffer.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 12 Dec 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/unemployed-despite-increasing-shortage/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/unemployed-despite-increasing-shortage/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Women and young people: outside the labour force</title>
<description><![CDATA[ What are the main determinants of inactivity in Europe? This Eurostat publication analyses the inactive population in the European Union. The study concludes that inactivity in the labour market is very gender and age specific. The main reason for young people not being in the labour market is their enrolment in formal education, while retirement is the main reason for inactivity of older persons. Increasing our activity rate is crucial in order to cope with ageing. In Belgium more than 60% of the young persons (15-24) are inactive. This is above the UE-27 average. Policy makers should take this into account.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 12 Dec 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/women-and-young-people-outside-the-labour-force/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/women-and-young-people-outside-the-labour-force/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The keys for labour market success in Europe</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The combination of active labour market policy and less rigidity in labour and product markets are the explanatory factors of a successful labour market policy in Europe. This is the lesson of the first EU-wide cross-country study on labour market performance in the EU.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 20 Nov 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-keys-for-labour-market-success-in-europe/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-keys-for-labour-market-success-in-europe/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Also Denmark grapples with the efficiency of activation</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Experiment Denmark proves that active labour market policy works. The achievement of low and stable unemployment in the country is often attributed to the so-called “flexicurity” model. But effectiveness does not equal efficiency: activation demands scarce resources. Policymakers pleading for more activation should not only look at results but also at the resources required for results. So far, the focus in Belgium is insufficiently on the (in)efficiency of certain types of activation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 09 Nov 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/also-denmark-grapples-with-the-efficiency-of-activation/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/also-denmark-grapples-with-the-efficiency-of-activation/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>More diversification for migration policies</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With a labour market more and more global and more and more qualified, the French migration policy does not promote enough the work migration and favors to much the ‘family’ migration. This is the result of this OECD study which recommends to France to diversify its migration policy introducing a dose of selected, temporary and qualified migration. Belgium should pay attention as it shares common migration characteristics with France, such as a dominance of lowly qualified migration and workforce shortage in key sectors.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/more-diversification-for-migration-policies/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/more-diversification-for-migration-policies/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The need for a targeted labour migration policy in a welfare state</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Just like Belgium, the Netherlands are attractive for low-skill migrants but less attractive for highly-qualified migrants. This study of the Dutch Centraal Planbureau (CPB) explains this observation by pointing to the welfare state with a relatively high degree of income distribution. Extensive welfare steeds need to put an extra effort to be attractive (financially or otherwise) for highly-qualified migrants. Possible efforts include more fiscal advantages during the first years of stay or simplified procedures for this group of migrants. It furthermore seems wise to only carefully admit low-skill migrants on a temporary basis.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 29 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-need-for-a-targeted-labour-migration-policy-in-a-welfare-state/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-need-for-a-targeted-labour-migration-policy-in-a-welfare-state/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Globalisation: panacea or pandemic?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Globalisation is a real phenomenon that both enraptures and divides public opinion. At the occasion of an international forum, Marc De Vos offers general perspectives on the components, the consequences, the challenges and the future of globalisation. Globalisation is neither panacea nor pandemic but at the bottom line a force for better health.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 26 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/globalisation-panacea-or-pandemic/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/globalisation-panacea-or-pandemic/</guid>
<enclosure url="http://www.itinerainstitute.org/upl/1/default/doc/Globalisation%2020-10-07.pdf" length="10538696" type="application/pdf" />
</item>
<item>
<title>Belgium is missing the Lisbon train.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The Federal Planning bureau is ringing the emergency bell. If Belgium does not undertake additional efforts, we will miss all the Lisbon strategy objectives from 2010. Improvement of public finances, diminution of the fiscal and social contribution pressure on labor, increases in the activity rate and shrinkage of greenhouse gas emissions require new reforms. These reforms are also necessary to improve the functioning of the labor market. The Planning Bureau notices that the diminution of the social contribution improves employment but only partially compensates for the fiscal loss of the government.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 25 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/belgium-is-missing-the-lisbon-train/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/belgium-is-missing-the-lisbon-train/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>The war for talent is open.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Belgians live longer and have fewer children, this is a fact. In order to compensate for the foretell shortage of qualified workforce we will have to compete with other OECD countries for qualified and employable migrants. According to this publication of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics, we should compare our migration policies with those of countries with a tradition of economic immigration such as the United States, Canada or Australia.
]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 17 Oct 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-competition-for-talent-is-open/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-competition-for-talent-is-open/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Age discrimination deeply rooted on the labour market.</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Legislation prohibits age discrimination on the labour market. However, the (often implicit) use of age could well be the most widely spread of all prejudices on the labour market. This is the lesson of a study for the United Kingdom. A curious detail: depending upon the function, a higher age can either favour or damage a candidate's chances.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 25 Sep 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/age-discrimination-deeply-rooted-on-the-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/age-discrimination-deeply-rooted-on-the-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Regionalisation of wages without regional wage setting?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Should collective wage bargaining be regionalised to better reflect different economic developments in the Belgian regions? In other words: are the Walloon wages too high for the Walloon economy and labour market, impeding Wallonia to catch up? And are Flemish wages suppressed to too low a level for the Flemish productivity and labour market? Research of the ULB focuses on existing wage differentials between regions, sectors and joint committees, which are partly the result differing profits at company level. In their conclusion, the authors tread on thin ice when they deduce from existing wage differentials that regionalisation of wage setting would only slightly affect wage levels in the regions.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 24 Sep 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/regionalisation-of-wages-without-regional-wage-setting/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/regionalisation-of-wages-without-regional-wage-setting/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Successful activation is more than the carrot</title>
<description><![CDATA[ To stimulate the exit rate from unemployment one can use the carrot or the stick. This IZA study looks at the effects of sanctions of unemployment insurance benefits for a sample of Danish unemployed. For both males and females the exit rate increases by more than 50% following imposition of a sanction. The harder the sanction, the larger it’s effects. The analysis furthermore suggests that sanctions wear out after around 3 months, that particular groups of unemployed are more responsive to sanctions than others, and that men react ex ante to the risk of being sanctioned in the sense that men who face a higher risk of sanction leave unemployment faster.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 24 Sep 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/successful-activation-is-more-than-the-carrot/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/successful-activation-is-more-than-the-carrot/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Old is less out?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The employment rate of workers over 50 on the Belgian labour market has increased with 8,4% in one year, according to the most recent figures of the Department of Economy. Almost 48% of those over 50 are currently employed, as compared to 39% in 1999. An important part of this evolution is linked to economic growth and the gradual ageing of the workforce in a tighter labour market. There is little evidence that non-active seniors over 50 are reintegrating the labour market. In any event Belgium remains far behind the European target of 70% overall employment rate.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 30 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/old-is-less-out/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/old-is-less-out/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Activation is more than monitoring</title>
<description><![CDATA[ A study of the Belgian activation policy shows the importance of personal counselling for the activation of the unemployed. The threat of monitoring the job search behaviour of the unemployed has only a limited positive effect on employability, moreover at the expense of accepting lower quality jobs. Personal counselling is more effective and does a better job in steering the unemployed towards a suitable employment. Not monitoring but counselling should therefore be the credo of Belgium’s activation policy.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 28 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/activation-is-more-than-monitoring/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/activation-is-more-than-monitoring/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Given Regional Disparities, Should we Promote Mobility or Regionalise Wages?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Given regional disparities in the European Union and in Belgium in particular, policymakers must choose either for more mobility on the labour market or for more wage flexibility. Promoting mobility in Belgium implies a significant reduction of real estate taxes, just as in the United Kingdom.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 16 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/given-regional-disparities-should-we-promote-mobility-or-regionalise-wages/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/given-regional-disparities-should-we-promote-mobility-or-regionalise-wages/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>More proof of the dual labour market in the European Union</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Temporary term work of fixed duration is overrepresented among the young and the low skilled, who often have no other option than a fixed-term employment contract.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 14 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/more-proof-of-the-dual-labour-market-in-the-european-union/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/more-proof-of-the-dual-labour-market-in-the-european-union/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Can Belgium be inspired by the French reforms?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In May 2007, the French elected a new president: Nicolas Sarkozy. In June 2007, his political party, the UMP, won the legislative elections. During  these two political campaings, Nicolas Sarkozy and his Prime Minister promoted a broad reform programme linked to many social and economical issues (pensions, labour market, migration, taxation,...). Could Belgium find some inspiration in the French reforms?
]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 13 Aug 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/can-belgium-be-inspired-by-the-french-reforms/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/can-belgium-be-inspired-by-the-french-reforms/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Early retirement: a question of supply and of demand</title>
<description><![CDATA[ More evidence of collusion in early retirement. Early retirement decisions are not only the result of rational choices by the retiring workers (supply side). In many cases, firms organize early retirement as a cost effective way to address change (demand side). The pension system then acts as a kind of unemployment insurance which reduces the dismissal costs for the firms. While both parties are served, society pays and the labour market looses often valuable human capital.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jul 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/early-retirement-a-question-of-supply-and-of-demand/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/early-retirement-a-question-of-supply-and-of-demand/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>How profit sharing enhances training investments at firm level</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The link between profit sharing and training is seldom made. This paper shows how profit sharing can indirectly boost employee training in two ways. First, profit sharing provides an effort incentive to the worker, thereby increasing the returns to training. Second, profit sharing makes labor costs partly adjustable to economic circumstances, with a positive impact on the expected tenure of the employee. Both effects make investment in training more attractive for the firm. A useful reminder for Belgium, where profit sharing remains marginal and training investments remain below par.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jul 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/how-profit-sharing-enhances-training-investments-at-firm-level/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/how-profit-sharing-enhances-training-investments-at-firm-level/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Inclusion on a labour market in permanent transition</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The modern transitional and dynamic labour market requires a policy that enables change for the employers while guaranteeing its success for workers and job seekers. Without change work becomes a dead-end street. On the other hand, change by itself is no guarantee for inclusion. The Netherlands are often seen as an example for transition without exclusion. However, the position of immigrants on the Dutch labour market is less successful, but not uniformly negative either.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 23 Jul 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/inclusion-on-a-labour-market-in-permanent-transition/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/inclusion-on-a-labour-market-in-permanent-transition/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Ageing but healthy</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Ageing hangs as the Sword of Damocles over the current governmental negotiations. Marc De Vos explains that the impact of ageing is also caused by the ageing of the working-age population, which is not beneficial to future innovation and productivity. On the other hand, the ageing workforce is ever healthier and better trained. We need to grasp that opportunity to capitalize on the benefits of ageing.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jul 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/ageing-but-healthy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/ageing-but-healthy/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Dismissal is More than a Redundancy Payment</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The social plan accompanying restructuring at Opel Antwerp is the subject of controversy. To some it is a cynical and immoral example of profiteering at the expense of the taxpayer. To others it as a freely negotiated contract that reflects the extent of the drama. Marc De Vos claims that is more important to notice that, in spite of the generation pact, the basis redundancy philosophy is one of loads of money and spontaneous early retirement. We need to develop a different approach where dismissal becomes the jump board to new employment.]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 03 Jul 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/dismissal-is-more-than-redundancy-payment/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/dismissal-is-more-than-redundancy-payment/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Unemployment Insurance in Welfare States: Soft Constraints and Mild Sanctions</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Activity-oriented unemployment insurance regimes with a high likelihood of required participation in active labour market programmes, high sanction probabilities and duration limitations on unconditional unemployment insurance entitlements deliver shorter unemployment spells than pure income insurance regimes. But which types of activation yield the highest return? A recent study of the Institute for the Study of Labor suggests that a rapid start of activation measures is more important than their harshness. Limited activation measures can be very effective if they are quickly implemented at the beginning of the unemployment spell.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 29 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/unemployment-insurance-in-welfare-states-soft-constraints-and-mild-sanctions/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/unemployment-insurance-in-welfare-states-soft-constraints-and-mild-sanctions/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>From Job Security to Employment Security on the Belgian labour Market. Ideas for a New Deal for Labour in Belgium</title>
<description><![CDATA[ <p>Where is our labour market going in the 21st century? How do we handle ageing and globalisation successfully? Can we finally push back mass unemployment? Can we combine more flexibility with more security? Can we make older people work more? Can we finally include foreigners in the labour force? This book provides new ideas to adjust the organisation of the Belgian labour market to a new era. It calls for broad and deep reforms for the long term, beyond the convulsive short-term reflex of acquired rights.</p><p><a class="" href="http://www.intersentia.be/zoekdetail.asp?titel=arbeidsmarkt&amp;auteur=&amp;isbn=&amp;vakgebied=&amp;trefwoord=&amp;datum=&amp;auteurid=&amp;reeksid=&amp;pageid=0&amp;page=1&amp;pid=1431#" target="_blank">Buy the illustrated book at Intersentia.</a></p>]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/from-job-security-to-employment-security-on-the-belgian-labour-market/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/from-job-security-to-employment-security-on-the-belgian-labour-market/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Welfare isn't Working. The New Deal for Young People</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Can Blair’s Third Way inspire Belgium how not to fight youth unemployment? The British think tank Reform assesses the achievements of the Labour party in the fight against youth unemployment since 1997 and deals another blow to the record of employment programmes. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/welfare-isn-t-working-the-new-deal-for-young-people/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/welfare-isn-t-working-the-new-deal-for-young-people/</guid>
</item>
<item>
<title>Fraude Sociale et Travail au Noir en Belgique: Situation anno 2006</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Fiscal and social fraud is bad thing for the economy, the workers and the state coffers alike. How important is fiscal and social fraud in Belgium? The Hoger Instituut voor Arbeid and the KUL make an estimate for 2006. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 15 Jun 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/fraude-sociale-travail-noir-belgique-situation/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/fraude-sociale-travail-noir-belgique-situation/</guid>
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<title>Labor's Liquidity Service and Firing Costs (WP/07/120)</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Are dismissals a useful tool to ensure the future development of companies that are temporarily short of cash? In other words: does dismissal restriction reduce future employment opportunities? An IMF Working Paper analyses the interaction between employment protection regulation and liquidity needs. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/labors-liquidity-service-firing-costs/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/labors-liquidity-service-firing-costs/</guid>
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<title>What did All the Money do? On the General Ineffectiveness of Recent West German Labour Market Programmes (IZA DP no. 2800)</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The Belgian labour market is densely populated with employment programmes. Do they really work? In West-Germany similar programmes are found not to improve employment opportunities for their participants. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/what-did-all-money-do-on-general-ineffectiveness-recent-west-german-labour-market-programmes/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/what-did-all-money-do-on-general-ineffectiveness-recent-west-german-labour-market-programmes/</guid>
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<title>Lessons from Successful Labor Market Reformers in Europe</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The new Belgian government can learn from successful experiences in labour market reform in other countries. These experiences show that success requires an internally consistent package of reforms…]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat, 05 May 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/lessons-from-successful-labor-market-reformers-in-europe/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/lessons-from-successful-labor-market-reformers-in-europe/</guid>
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<title>Labour, Ageing and Globalisation: Towards a New Social Pact?!</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos offers thoughts and perspectives on the labour dimensions of ageing and globalisation at the launch of the New Compass foundation.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 26 Apr 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/labour-ageing-and-globalisation-towards-a-new-social-pact/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/labour-ageing-and-globalisation-towards-a-new-social-pact/</guid>
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<title>Regionalisation of Labour Market Policy Is No Panacea</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In the run-up to the federal elections the debate on the regionalization of labour market policies is raging. Marc De Vos stresses that regionalization is no miracle solution. What matters is substantive reform of labour market policies. For that purpose regionalization serves more as a means than as an end.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/regionalisation-of-labour-market-policy-is-no-panacea/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/regionalisation-of-labour-market-policy-is-no-panacea/</guid>
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<title>Restructuring: a Necessary Evil</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos reflects on the referendum at Volkswagen Forest and concludes that the employees have chosen for the future. Restructurings are genuine dramas but are sometimes necessary to prepare the company or the economy for new opportunities.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 28 Feb 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/restructuring/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/restructuring/</guid>
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<title>The politics of Labour Market Reform: How Belgium Can Learn From Successful European Precedents</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Robert Cox lays focuses on Belgium in his speech on labour market reform at the first Itinera Institute Discussion.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 21 Feb 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-politics-of-labour-market-reform-how-belgium-can-learn-from-successful-european-precedents/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-politics-of-labour-market-reform-how-belgium-can-learn-from-successful-european-precedents/</guid>
<enclosure url="http://www.itinerainstitute.org/upl/1/default/doc/Nota%203%20-%202007%20-%20Robert%20Cox.pdf" length="1026262" type="application/pdf" />
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<title>The Ideas and Politics of Labour Market Reform</title>
<description><![CDATA[ <p>Robert Cox explains why some European countries fail in labour market reforms where others succeed.</p>]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 19 Feb 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-ideas-and-politics-of-labour-market-reform/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/the-ideas-and-politics-of-labour-market-reform/</guid>
<enclosure url="http://www.itinerainstitute.org/upl/1/default/doc/Memo%202%20-%202007.pdf" length="1976453" type="application/pdf" />
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<title>From Regional Labour Market To Regional Labour Market Policy</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos reflects on the nature and causes of regional labour market disparities in Belgium in a conference speech.]]></description>
<pubDate>Sat, 03 Feb 2007 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/from-regional-labour-market-to-regional-labour-market-policy/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/from-regional-labour-market-to-regional-labour-market-policy/</guid>
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<title>Good Advice From the Supreme Council</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The yearly report of the Supreme Council for Employment contains remarkable data on the dysfunctions of Belgium&rsquo;s labour market. Marc De Vos explains that the Belgian labour market is still chronically ill. Labour market reform is therefore an essential theme for the upcoming federal elections.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 22 Dec 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/good-advice-from-the-supreme-council/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/good-advice-from-the-supreme-council/</guid>
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<title>Is Denmark the European Employment Champion?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ With an official unemployment rate of 4.2%, Denmark apparently performs better than European growth champion Ireland. The low Danish unemployment figure is an essential part of the hyped 'Scandinavian Model'. Johan Albrecht explains that the real unemployment or inactivity in Denmark increases to 15% when one includes the number of participants in labour market programmes as well as people in early retirement schemes.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 07 Dec 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/is-denmark-the-european-employment-champion/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/is-denmark-the-european-employment-champion/</guid>
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<title>Fostering Mobility Through Competence Development</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Labour market adaptability is essential for success in an ever changing economic environment. The European Foundation for the Improvement of living and working conditions and the European Center for the development of vocational training offer recommendations. ]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 15 Nov 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/fostering-mobility-through-competence-development/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/fostering-mobility-through-competence-development/</guid>
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<title>Higher Minimum Wages or More Purchasing Power?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The Belgian debate about higher minimum wages is very similar to the current American debate. Marc De Vos explains how American economists warn that an increased minimum wage may effect employment in the weakest segments of the labour market. A net increase of wages may therefore constitute a meaningful alternative.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 29 Sep 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/higher-minimum-wages-or-more-purchasing-power/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/higher-minimum-wages-or-more-purchasing-power/</guid>
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<title>Unemployment: a Shame</title>
<description><![CDATA[ After the Union of Independent Entrepreneurs (Unizo) and the Flemish liberal party (VLD), the Flemish socialist party (sp.a) has joined the debate on unemployment insurance reform with a proposal for an intense activation policy. However the question arises whether scarce resources should not be better used for a targeted reduction in labour taxes.]]></description>
<pubDate>Mon, 11 Sep 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/unemployment-a-shame/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/unemployment-a-shame/</guid>
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<title>From Welfare to Workfare: Also for Belgium?</title>
<description><![CDATA[ A political debate is gathering whether Belgium&rsquo;s unemployment insurance should limit the duration of its benefits and require the unemployed to work in return for their benefits. Marc De Vos explains that President Clinton&rsquo;s decade old welfare reform introduced similar measures in the United States. Limiting the duration of benefits and requiring the beneficiaries to perform services in return has had a genuine activating effect in the US, but also because of their combination with other reforms.]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/from-welfare-to-workfare-also-for-belgium/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/from-welfare-to-workfare-also-for-belgium/</guid>
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<title>Welfare isn't working - the New Deal for Young People</title>
<description><![CDATA[ <p align="left">Germany and France are continental European welfare states with severe labour market problems. Low employment and high unemployment result from labour market institutions that inhibit labour market adaptability. This paper highlights recent labour market reforms in core areas such as active and passive labour market policies, employment protection and the funding of social policies through taxes and social contributions. To what extent can more favourable conditions for employment growth be created? The authors identify the limits of partial reforms as to the creation of more efficient labour market institutions although such reforms are highly plausible in politico-economic terms. The cumulative effect of marginal changes however leads to a gradual medium-term transformation of continental European labour markets. <br/><br/>Read the full report at: <a class="" href="http://ftp.iza.org/dp2675.pdf" target="_blank">http://ftp.iza.org/dp2675.pdf </a><br/></p>]]></description>
<pubDate>Wed, 30 Aug 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/welfare-isnt-working-new-deal-young-people/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/welfare-isnt-working-new-deal-young-people/</guid>
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<title>Selective Flexibility And Dual Labour Market In Times Of Creative Destruction</title>
<description><![CDATA[ <p>The fight against unemployment is a priority for almost any government. However, the unemployment rate in Western Europe often remains unacceptably high, notwithstanding initial labour market reforms. Johan Albrecht analyses why selective labour market reform does not yield the desired outcome.</p>]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 30 Jun 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/selective-flexibility-and-dual-labour-market-in-times-of-creative-destruction/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/selective-flexibility-and-dual-labour-market-in-times-of-creative-destruction/</guid>
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<title>Scandinavia &#224; la Carte</title>
<description><![CDATA[ The president of the Flemish liberal party, Bart Somers, proposes to raise unemployment insurance payments while limiting their duration. The Flemish socialist party of Johan Vande Lanotte on the other hand wants to fight for employment by accompanying the unemployed, not by limiting their unemployment insurance. While their respective policy proposals differ, both parties invoke the so-called &ldquo;Scandinavian model&rdquo; to justify their position. Marc De Vos explains that this &ldquo;Scandinavian model&rdquo; in fact hides several models and that Belgium urgently requires a general strategy for employment.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 16 Jun 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/scandinavia-a-la-carte/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/scandinavia-a-la-carte/</guid>
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<title>French Hallucination</title>
<description><![CDATA[ In the run up to the 2007 presidential elections, the French socialist party has presented its &ldquo;projet socialiste pour la France&rdquo;. Entitled &ldquo;r&eacute;ussir ensemble le changement&rdquo; (achieving change together), the project proposes inter alia a socio-economic programme aimed at full employment, real equality in a re-founded French republic. Marc De Vos observes that these honourable objectives are not translated into realistic analyses. An important part of the proposed reforms is rather of a reactionary or utopian nature.]]></description>
<pubDate>Thu, 15 Jun 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/french-hallucination/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/french-hallucination/</guid>
</item>
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<title>French Lesson</title>
<description><![CDATA[ Marc De Vos reflects on the French government&rsquo;s surrender to the streets protests against the CPE.]]></description>
<pubDate>Fri, 31 Mar 2006 12:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
<link>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/french-lesson/</link>
<guid>http://www.itinerainstitute.org/en/_paper/french-lesson/</guid>
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